1. Module 15: Monitoring

2. Overview Formulate requirements and identify resources to monitor in a database environment Types of monitoring that can be carried out to ensure: Maximum availability Optimal performance Error-free operations Availability of tools for monitoring

3. Monitoring Availability Monitoring should cover availability, errors, and performance of all components of the database environment Components to be monitored for availability are: Node or server – server hardware and all components in the path from the client Database listener – in SQL Server the listener is part of the database service Database monitoring High-level – checks for existence of instance Low-level – ensures work can be performed on the database

4. Monitoring Errors The database and its components return status when successful and error messages of when failure or events are encountered Error messages in Oracle have an error code made up of a number and a descriptive error message Error messages in SQL Server are composed of: Unique message number Severity level Error state number – identifies source Error message – description

5. Error Logs Oracle alert file (alert.log) has equivalent in error logs of SQL Server Logs can be read using SQL Server Management Studio or any text editor Previous 6 error log files are kept by default but you can configure to keep more – up to 99 Trace files are not created by default but can be created manually using Performance Monitor or Profiler Actually there is an automatic ‘BlackBox’ trace, but … SQL Server also writes the useful information to the Microsoft Windows Application log which can be read using the Event Viewer

6. Demonstration 1: Viewing Logs and Events In this demonstration you will learn to: Locate and Review SQL Server Logs

7. Demonstration 2: Error Messages In this demonstration you will learn to: Create custom error messages Use Try..Catch Blocks Simulate data validation Review SQL Server Log Entries

8. Monitoring Performance Database server has to be monitored for CPU, memory, processes, virtual memory, network, I/O, and storage Tools and utilities for monitoring server resources are: Microsoft Windows – Task Manager, Performance Monitor, Windows Explorer Monitoring database storage: Database Files – size, growth, free space, status, archiving of logs Tablespaces or Filegroups – size, growth, fragmentation, status Extents – size and number of extents allocated to objects, performance of rollback, temporary and sort space

9. Monitoring Performance – Database and Instance Monitoring of database instance: Memory – performance of subcomponents of SGA (Oracle) and memory pool (SQL Server) Processes – performance of background and server processes (Oracle) or worker threads (SQL Server) Sessions and Transactions – number and activity of sessions and resource usage by transactions Locks and Latches – waits for locks and latches, and deadlocks Parsing – parsing activity indicating performance of SQL and cursors

10. Monitoring Tools Third-Party Tools BMC Software— Performance Manager for Databases Embarcadero— DBArtisan Computer Associates— Unicenter Quest Software— Spotlight Microsoft Windows / SQL Server Tools Activity Monitor Data Collector / Management Data Warehouse DBCC commands Dynamic Management Objects Performance Monitor Reports Dashboard in Management Studio SQL Server Agent SQL Profiler Microsoft Windows / SQL Server Tools Activity Monitor Data Collector / Management Data Warehouse DBCC commands Dynamic Management Objects Performance Monitor Reports Dashboard in Management Studio SQL Server Agent SQL Profiler

11. Demonstration 3: Task Manager In this demonstration you will learn to: Observe SQL Server services with the Windows Task Manager

12. Demonstration 4: Activity Monitor In this demonstration you will learn to: Use the new SQL Server 2008 Activity Monitor to observe specific resources and queries.

13. Demonstration 5: Setting Alerts to Automate Monitoring In this demonstration you will learn to: Define a Database Mail Profile and Account Create an Alert based on SQL Server counter events Review an automatically generated e-mail to a database administrator.

14. Review We learned that server, database listener, and database are the components that need to be monitored We learned the types of monitoring cover availability, errors, and performance We saw the operating system tools to check performance of server hardware and operating system components We learned how the various subcomponents of the database and instance can be monitored using counters and logs We were introduced to tools for monitoring SQL Server database and servers such as Performance Monitor, the Data Collector and Performance Data Warehouse, SQL Server Agent, and SQL Profiler