1. Linguistic Isolation Solange A. Lopes-Murphy

2. AMAZING!!! 35% of the students in English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) programs in the Washington D.C. area are… U UU U.S. Citizens

3. What are the circumstances that lead these children to become linguistically isolated? Poverty Inattention Isolation

4. What are the consequences of this lack of human interaction? No language of dominance Very little vocabulary in L1 and in L2 as well Alingual Unable to function in L1 or L2 More difficulty in learning how to read or write

5. Percentages of American-born students in ESOL programs

6. 1993 Survey 2.1 million students learning English in American public schools were born in the U.S. Able to speak L1 relatively well Large immigrant communities (e.g., CA, TX)

7. Immigrant Communities For the most part were highly educated and affluent Change in the immigrant community scenario

8. Question Are ESOL programs meeting the needs of these children since they are designed primarily for well-educated Cubans fleeing Fidel Castro’s regime? OF COURSE, NOT!

9. What can be done? According to research, bilingual education is considered the most effective type of program to encourage language development. Create programs to help parents read and write in Spanish. Educate them to turn off the TV and interact more closely with their children.