1. Introduction to the Architecture of ArcGIS
------Using GIS--
Introduction to GIS
Lecture 2:
Introduction to the Architecture of ArcGIS
By Weiqi Zhou, Austin Troy, Ernie Buford, and Brian Voigt
University of Vermont

2. Introduction to GIS
What is ArcGIS?
ArcGIS is a family of software products from GIS Industry leader

3. What is ArcGIS? We will be using ArcGIS Desktop
Introduction to GIS
What is ArcGIS?
We will be using ArcGIS Desktop
Three licensing levels:
Basic/ArcView – basic desktop package, $
Standard/ArcEditor – adds comprehensive editing, $$
Advanced/ArcInfo – adds advanced spatial analysis and high-end cartography, $$$
We are using ArcInfo
ArcView: data visualization, query, analysis, and integration capabilities, plus simple geographic feature creation/editing.
ArcEditor adds a comprehensive set of tools to create, edit, and ensure the quality of your data.
ArcInfo adds advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, and high-end cartography tools.

4. What is ArcGIS? ArcGIS Desktop application suite:
Introduction to GIS
What is ArcGIS?
ArcGIS Desktop application suite:
ArcMap
ArcCatalog
ArcScene
ArcGlobe
Other components include
ArcToolbox and ModelBuilder
ArcGIS Administrator

5. What is ArcGIS? How do you access these? From the start menu
Introduction to GIS
What is ArcGIS?
How do you access these?
From the start menu
>> All Programs
>> ArcGIS

6. ArcCatalog for organizing and managing spatial and tabular data
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog
for organizing and managing spatial and tabular data
Main menu
Standard Toolbar
Catalog tree
Catalog display

7. Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog
This button allows you to connect to a local folder or a network place (make a folder connection)
In this course, all data and work will be stored on your Zoo account for safe-keeping, but during lab it is best to work with a copy of the data on the local drive (C:)
In lab we’ll learn to “map a network” drive to your Zoo account, so it looks no different from saving to your local machine. This will be your Z drive.
Mapping a network drive is a Windows (OS) task. (vs. Folder Connection, which is an ArcGIS task)

8. Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog
Once a network share is mapped as a drive letter, you can create a connection to it or one of its subfolders

9. Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog
For instance, here are the contents of the nr143 folder on my Zoo account, which I made a folder connection to:

10. ArcCatalog There are five types of data shown here Geodatabase
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog
There are five types of data shown here
Geodatabase
Coverage
Arc Map Project file
Shapefile
Tabular data

11. Data types Shapefile: native file format for ArcView 3.x
Introduction to GIS
Data types
Shapefile: native file format for ArcView 3.x
Windows Explorer (file system) view:
One spatial data layer, several files

12. Windows Explorer (file system) views:
Introduction to GIS
Data types
Coverage: native file format for old ArcInfo 7.x (not a file, but a complex directory structure)
Windows Explorer (file system) views:
Same with Raster format.
Copy/move/rename the coverage folder in Windows Explorer and you corrupt the whole workspace! (Use ArcCatalog to manage spatial data layers)

13. Introduction to GIS
Data types
Tabular data: data table (often non-spatial) that can be used in a GIS
Spreadsheet
Dbase database file -- .dbf
Map document: a project file—it stores your map layout and preferences in ArcGIS….but not the data!

14. Introduction to GIS
Data types
Geodatabase (GDB): This is ArcGIS’s newest data model for storing geographic information
A geodatabase can contain many layers, known as “feature classes.” Shapefiles have only one layer.
As an example, here is a geodatabase with three feature classes, as seen in Arc Catalog

15. Introduction to GIS
Feature classes
In a geodatabase there are features classes for points, lines and areas (polygons) as well as for rasters (surfaces), annotation (labels), and dimensions
Polygon, or area feature class
Line, or arc feature class
Annotation class: stores info about displaying labels on a map layer; important for roads and utilities

16. Introduction to GIS
Feature dataset
Feature dataset: a thematic grouping of feature classes
Feature classes can be stand alone (do not have to be within a feature dataset)
Feature datasets
Feature classes

17. Geodatabase Geodatabases offer numerous advantages:
Introduction to GIS
Geodatabase
Geodatabases offer numerous advantages:
Multiple spatial layers and non-spatial data sources can be stored in a single file (personal GDB) and organized thematically
Rules can be easily defined that can apply to all classes
These rules can include relationships between layers
Example: one subclass with water lines and one with water valves; you can ensure that if you move a water line, the water valve that connects that line will move as well, or it ensures that, say, if the material attribute for a water line is set to copper, the water valves that connect to it will also be copper

18. Geodatabase Other advantages:
Introduction to GIS
Geodatabase
Other advantages:
Spatial layers maintain the same measurement and geographic reference systems, because new layers added to the geodatabase can “inherit” properties of existing ones
Labeling “behavior” can be stored as an annotation feature class, making it easier to keep labels consistent
“Domains” can be established, which specify the valid ranges of values for attributes, which reduces input error.

19. Geodatabase Types: Personal, File or Enterprise (multi-user)
Introduction to GIS
Geodatabase
Types: Personal, File or Enterprise (multi-user)
We will use personal geodatabases. These are actually Microsoft Access files with the .MDB file extension.
We may also use the newer file geodatabases. These are a multi-file-within-folder model similar to a coverage, but easier to manage. The folder has a .GDB extension.
A multi-user (SDE) geodatabase is for organizations that wish to have many people accessing the same database. These are used with enterprise database systems, like Oracle, Informix or SQL Server

20. Introduction to GIS
Personal Geodatabase
View of a geodatabase in MS Access, where you can edit and query attribute tables and manage relationships between feature classes….
Can only view spatially in ArcGIS (not in Access)

21. ArcCatalog: Data management
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Data management
Create and modify geodatabases.
You can create new feature classes, tables or relationship classes within a geodatabase

22. ArcCatalog: Data management
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Data management
You can also import existing shapefiles or coverages into a geodatabase or export a feature class to a shapefile

23. ArcCatalog: Data management
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Data management
Through right clicking, you can access the properties of a feature class and make changes … e.g., alter fields for the feature class’ attribute table

24. ArcCatalog: Online data
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Online data
ArcCatalog also allows you to access data directly from the Internet

25. ArcCatalog: Online data
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Online data
ArcGIS Online
(arcgis.com)

26. ArcCatalog: Functionality
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Functionality
ArcCatalog allows you to preview geographic data, including geodatabase feature classes
Use these buttons to zoom and pan

27. ArcCatalog: Functionality
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Functionality
You can also preview online data sets

28. ArcCatalog: Functionality
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Functionality
…and you can preview and browse tabular attribute data

29. ArcCatalog: Functionality
Introduction to GIS
ArcCatalog: Functionality
Preview, create and modify the “metadata,” or data about the data
ArcCatalog standardizes this information and allows you to import and export metadata between layers

30. Introduction to GIS
ArcMap
ArcMap is where you’ll do most of your mapping and visualization of spatial data
This is the default upper tool and menu bar
Change map’s display scale (zoom factor)
Whereas ArcCatalog focuses on data management….
Add new layer
Zoom & pan tools
Measure
Find feature
Zoom to full extent
Select feature

31. ArcMap: overlaying data
Introduction to GIS
ArcMap: overlaying data
Using the add data button, you can overlay any number of layers for which geographic reference information exists.
TOC
Display Window

32. ArcMap: Table of Contents
Lecture 1
ArcMap: Table of Contents
The window on the left side of ArcMap is the Table of Contents, where project data layers are listed
There are several TOC views, including display and source
Display: note that it gives a symbol for the feature type
Source mode: can see that the first 3 layers are from 1 geodatabase and the fourth is from a stand alone file
Draw order
Source
Selection
All lecture materials by Austin Troy except where noted (c) 2010
lecture 1

33. Introduction to GIS
ArcMap: properties
You can access many functions by right clicking on the layer in the TOC.
You can access, edit and query attribute tables from a special interface

34. ArcMap: Layer properties
Introduction to GIS
ArcMap: Layer properties
You can access layer properties by double clicking on that layer: much functionality is found there

35. All lecture materials by Austin Troy except where noted (c) 2010
ArcMap: Data frame
You can access properties for the whole data frame by double clicking on “Layers” at the top of the TOC or by right clicking on the data frame
All lecture materials by Austin Troy except where noted (c) 2010

36. ArcMap: Content Pane ArcMap can view in two modes: Introduction to GIS
Data view: for viewing, analyzing and manipulating data
Layout view: for laying out data for presentation

37. Introduction to GIS
ArcMap: Layouts
Maps are created in the layout view, where titles, legends, north arrows, scale bars, and other elements can be added and arranged.

38. ArcMap: Data frame—Units
Two of the most important properties are Map and Display units. Where the Map units are already set (because reference info exists) they will be “grayed out” but display units are still changeable.
When the units are unknown to the system (reference info not embedded in the file) you’ll see:
This turns into guesswork
All lecture materials by Austin Troy except where noted (c) 2010

39. Introduction to GIS
ArcMap: Units
Once you’ve set display units, future geographic measurement functions should be in those units, even if they’re different from the Map units; however, this does not apply to non-spatial attribute values
If you use the ruler tool for instance, measurements will likely be in the selected Display units at the bottom of the page unless you’ve selected different units in the ruler tool interface

40. 1 foot is 1.98 million feet in real world
Introduction to GIS
ArcMap: Scale
Translation factor between one unit on the map and same unit in the real world
map units: ground units (ratio)
1:10,000 means that 1 inch equals 10,000 inches in real world
Scale is a dimensionless number
1 foot is 1.98 million feet in real world

41. Large vs. Small Scale Large scale Lots of detail Shows small features
Introduction to GIS
Large vs. Small Scale
Large scale
Lots of detail
Shows small features
Small scale
No much detail
Shows large features

42. Large vs. Small Scale USA Washington State 1:21,197,708 1:3,125,078
Introduction to GIS
Large vs. Small Scale
USA
Washington State
1:21,197,708
1:3,125,078
Clark County, Washington
highway interchange
Clark County, Washington
1:30,137
1:5,269

43. ArcGIS: Extensions Specialized applications 3D Analyst Spatial Analyst
Introduction to GIS
ArcGIS: Extensions
Specialized applications
3D Analyst
Spatial Analyst
Geostatistical Analyst
Tracking Analyst, X Tools…
Others…

44. ArcGIS: Extensions Activate by going to Customize>>extensions
Introduction to GIS
ArcGIS: Extensions
Activate by going to Customize>>extensions

45. All lecture materials by Austin Troy except where noted (c) 2010
ArcMap: Toolbars
When you load ArcMap it defaults to a state with a minimum of toolbars. You can add more toolbars and extensions from the Customize menu (Customize >>> Toolbars).
All lecture materials by Austin Troy except where noted (c) 2010

46. ArcToolbox Embedded within both ArcMap & ArcCatalog
Introduction to GIS
ArcToolbox
Embedded within both ArcMap & ArcCatalog

47. ArcToolbox Advanced Analyses Extract Overlay Proximity Statistics
Introduction to GIS
ArcToolbox
Advanced Analyses
Extract
Overlay
Proximity
Statistics
Data Management
Conversion Tools
Etc.

48. Introduction to GIS
ModelBuilder
An application for building models – workflows that string together sequences of tools

49. Introduction to GIS
ArcScene
Primarily for viewing 3D data