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Skin Theory Skin Disorders Skin Care
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Dermatology The study of skin, its structures, function, diseases and treatment.
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Epidermis Outermost layer of the skin. –Also referred to as cuticle or scarf skin
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Dermis The underlying, or inner, layer of the skin. Connective tissue: contains collagen and elastin fibers; supports epidermis.
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Sudoriferous Glands Sweat Glands Three Functions –Regulate body temperature –Excrete waste –Maintain acid pH Sudoriferous gland
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Sebaceous Glands Oil Glands Sac-like glands attached to hair follicle that produce sebum. Sebaceous Gland
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Sebum Secretion of high fatty, oily substances
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Acid Mantle Keeps skin smooth: prevents dirt and grime from entering.
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Subcutaneous Tissue (Fatty Layer) Gives contour to body Acts as a shock absorber to protect bones Holds collagen and elastin fibers. Subcutaneous Tissue
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Hair Sebaceous Gland Acid Mantle Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue Sudoriferous Gland
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Skin Pigmentation Melanin –Protection from UV rays of the sun –Tans the skin
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Dry Skin Peeling and flaking Chaps easily Taut feeling Has fewer blemishes Not prone to acne Two Types –Oily dry – Not enough oil –Moisture dry - Dehydrated
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Oily Skin Overall shiny look Rough texture with blackheads and enlarged pores Prone to acne Keep in acid balanced condition
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Combination Skin Most common skin type Recognized by shiny “T-zone” –Oily forehead, nose and chin Dryness in cheek, jaw line and hairline areas
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Normal Skin Very rare Quite beautiful Easily recognizable –Fresh and healthy color Moist and smooth texture No blackheads or blemishes Does not appear oily
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Skin Diseases and Disorders Only a dermatologist or medical doctor should diagnose and treat skin diseases and disorders.
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Objective Symptoms –Those you see Subjective Symptoms –Those you can feel
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Signs of Infection 1.Pain 2.Swelling 3.Local Fever 4.Throbbing 5.Redness 6.Discharge/Pus
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Primary Skin Lesions Abnormal changes in the structure of a tissue.
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Macules Characteristics: Discoloration on skin’s surface, flat, rounded or oval, fades into surrounding areas Treatment: No treatment Proceed with regular skin care services Example: Freckle
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Papules Characteristics: Raised, red elevations, no fluid is present. Treatment: Might include acne skin care service. Example: Pimple
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Vesicles Characteristics: Fluid filled elevation Treatment: No services performed Example: Fever blister
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Bulla Characteristics: Blister from burn Treatment: No services performed if severe Example: Some burns
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Pustules Characteristics: Small elevations, contain pus Treatment: No services performed Example: Large pimples
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Wheals Characteristics: Solid formation above skin, caused by insect bite or allergic reaction. Treatment: No services performed Example: Hives
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Tumors Characteristics: Solid mass in the skin Treatment: No services performed Example: Nodule Tumor
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Secondary Skin Lesions Appear as disease progresses to later stages of growth.
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Scales Characteristics: Shedding,dead cells Treatment: No services performed Example: Psoriasis
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Crusts Characteristics: Dried masses, oozing sore Treatment: No services performed Example: Scab
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Excoriations Characteristics: Mechanical abrasion, appear dark red Treatment: No services performed Example: scratches
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Fissures Characteristics: Cracks in skin Treatment: No services performed Example: chapped lips
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Keloids Characteristics: Formation resulting from lesion Treatment: Can be sensitive, treat with care Example: Scar
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Hypertrophies Overgrowth of excess skin.
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Callus Characteristics: Thickening of skin, occurs from pressure or friction Treatment: Soak skin, apply exfoliant
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Verruca Characteristics: Warts: caused by virus, can be contagious Treatment: No services performed Example: Warts
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Skin Tags Characteristics: Small, elevated growth of skin Treatment: Can be removed by physician
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Pigmentation Abnormalities Melanoderma – Too much pigmentation
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Cholasma Characteristics: Brownish,non-elevated spots Treatment: Proceed with service Example: Liver spots
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Moles Characteristics: Small, brown spots; can be raised Treatment: Keep eye on appearance, change seek medical advice. Example: Mole
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Changes To Look Out For
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Naevus Characteristics: Birthmark, congenital mole, looks like a stain Treatment: Proceed with service Example: Birthmark, mole
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Leukoderma Characteristics: Lack of Pigmentation Treatment: Proceed with service
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Albinism Characteristics: Pink skin, white hair, no melanin produced Treatment: Protect skin from sunlight or UV lamps
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Vitiligo Characteristics: Patches of white skin Treatment: Protect skin from sunlight or UV lamps
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Michael Jackson Had Vitiligo!
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Disorders of the Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)
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Comedones Characteristics: Blackheads, masses of sebum trapped in hair follicle. Treatment: Remove with proper extraction procedures.
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Milia Characterisics: Whiteheads,hardened sebum beneath surface. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice.
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Acne Characterisics: Chronic, inflammatory: two stages: simplex or vulgaris. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice.
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Rosacea Characteristics: Congestion of the cheeks and nose, redness, inflammatory Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Rosacea Untreated
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Asteatosis Characteristics: Dry, scaly skin: reduced sebum. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Seborrhea (also known as cradle cap) Characteristics: Excessive secretion of sebaceous glands Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Steatoma Characteristics: Cyst, or wen: subcutaneous tumor; filled with sebum. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Furnucles Characteristics: Boils: acute staphylococcal infection: appear in dermis. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Carbuncles Characteristics: Above and below skin, infection of several adjoining hair follicles. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Disorders of the Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat Glands)
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Bromhidrosis Characteristics: Foul – smelling perspiration Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Anhidrosis Characteristics: Lack of perspiration: Caused by fever or disease. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Hyperhidrosis Characteristics: Overproduction of perspiration: caused by excessive heat or general body weakness. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Milia Rubra (Heat Rash) Characteristics: Small, red vesicles erupt: burning itching of skin; caused by excessive heat. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Other Inflammatory Disorders
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Dermititis Characteristics: Inflammatory disorder of skin. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Eczema Characteristics: Inflammatory disorder of skin. Treatment: No service may be performed: seek medical advice
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Ultraviolet (UV) Rays The good and the bad!
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Ultraviolet (UV) Rays The Good Stuff Produce chemical effects and kills germs. Prompts the skin to produce Vitamin D –Fat-soluble vitamin that promotes mineralization of bones.
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Overexposure to UV Rays The Bad Stuff! Can cause premature aging of the skin and skin cancer!! –Over 1 million new cases of skin cancer diagnosed each year. –Estimated 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer. 90% are result of overexposure to UV rays from sun, sun lamps, and tanning beds.
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Before
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After
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Application of UV Rays Can be beneficial if done with utmost care. Apply with lamp at a distance of 30 to 36 inches. Begin with exposure times of 2 to 3 minutes. –Gradually increase to 7 or 8 minutes.
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Quiet Please I Have a headache Thanks!
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