1. The future of display technology? Prepared By: Ryan Michaud Adam Neale Andrei Iakimtchik Date: March 27 th, 2007.

2. Presentation Outline History of display technology Current display alternatives How FEDs work Companies working on FED Difficulties with FED Future of FED displays

3. History of Display Technology Cathode Ray Tube 1950’s Liquid Crystal Displays 1970’s Field Emission Displays 1980’s

4. Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) Geissler Tubes (1855) First CRT oscilloscope invented 40 years later Commercially practical CRT made by Allen DuMont (1931)

5. Liquid Crystal Display Liquid Crystalline materials discovered (1880s) James Fergason produced first practical LCD display (1967) Epson introduced first color LCD TV 2” in diagonal (1985)

6. Plasma Display Panel Plasma identified by William Crookes (1879s) Prototype for PDP introduced at University of Illinois (1964) Fujitsu introduced first 42” color PDP (1997)

7. Vacuum tube with phosphor- coated screen Cathode emits electrons to be accelerated by the anode Deflectors guide the electron beams Electrons excite phosphor molecules to produce light CRT Technology Comparison

8. Advantages Shortcomings Good color representation Large viewing angle Fast response time (50 µs) Low price Multiple resolutions Large and bulky (2 kg/in) Flicker causes eye strain High power (11 W/in) CRT Technology Comparison cont’d

9. LCD A layer of liquid crystalline sandwiched between 2 glass layers with polarizer Light generated behind the screen, passed through Applied voltage controls the crystalline orientation

10. Technology Comparison cont’d Advantages Shortcomings Light weight (0.6 kg/in) Low power (5 W/in) Less eye strain High brightness (500 Cd/m 2 ) Small viewing angle Slow response time (8 ms) Weaker contrast & color LCD

11. Technology Comparison cont’d PDP Two layers of glass with pixel array in between Each pixel contains a mix of neon and xenon gas Current is passed through a pixel to ionize gas, and emit UV radiation UV rays excites phosphor- coated layer of glass to generate light

12. Technology Comparison cont’d Advantages Shortcomings High brightness (1000 Cd/m 2 ) High contrast (10000:1) Large viewing angle More power vs LCD (8 W/in) Burn-in effect Size limitation (>40”) Slow response time PDP

13. FED: The Best of Both Worlds Promised Advantages Very light (100 g/in) Large Viewing angle (178 o ) Extremely fast (20 ns) Low power (0.2 W/in) High contrast (10x PDP) No flicker No dead pixels

14. How FED Works? Array of mini-CRTs

15. Technology Options - SED “Surface-conduction electron emitter display” Joint venture between Toshiba and Canon

16. Technlogy Options - Spindt Spindt emitters are tiny cones that create a very high charge density Alignment of the cone and gate is critical

17. Technology Options - CNT Carbon nanotubes as electron source

18. Companies Researching FED Canon and Toshiba joint venture in SED Sony promises Spindt-type FED display in 2009 Samsung is researching CNTs, Applied Nanotech Inc. have made a 25” display

19. Challenges: Technical Problems Fluctuations in emission current Low cost manufacturing methods Developing for large areas Tip damage High vacuum levels required

20. Dropping LCD prices LCD panels are dropping in cost while increasing in quality

21. Hope for FED Displays The success of FEDs depends on: Cost Quality Timing Technologically advantageous product suffers from poor timing

22. Questions?