2. Trade unions help workers voices to be heard. Like a big brother looking out for you in the playground!

3. Promote and protect interests of members for a annual fee. Promote and protect interests of members for a annual fee. Prominent since industrial revolution when agriculture → manufacturing industry. Prominent since industrial revolution when agriculture → manufacturing industry. Factory workers poorly paid and poor conditions. Factory workers poorly paid and poor conditions. Workers stated first unions to challenge owners. Workers stated first unions to challenge owners.

4. Read the extracts on page 2 and then answer the questions on page 3

5. defending employee rights and jobs defending employee rights and jobs securing improvements in their working conditions securing improvements in their working conditions improving pay and other benefits improving pay and other benefits improving sick pay, pensions and industrial injury benefits improving sick pay, pensions and industrial injury benefits encouraging worker participation in business decision-making encouraging worker participation in business decision-making developing and protecting the skills of union members developing and protecting the skills of union members

6. VIDEO:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEXi 0gkVixk

7. General unions - represent workers from different occupations & industries. Industrial unions - represent workers in the same industry, e.g. National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) Craft unions - represent workers with same skills across several industries eg. Carpenters and Joiners of America. Non-manual unions and professional associations - represent workers in non-industrial and professional occupations, eg. Journalists, teachers, lawyers.

8. Decline in membership due decline in manufacturing industry and the growth of the service sector Due to increased education of workers and better work conditions.

9. dispute between employers and employees. Industrial dispute: dispute between employers and employees. the process of negotiating over pay and working conditions between trade unions and employers. Collective bargaining: the process of negotiating over pay and working conditions between trade unions and employers.

10. Open shop: firm can employ unionized and non- unionized labour. Closed shop: all workers have to be union members. Single union agreement: one union can represent all the workers - negotiating with a single union much easier for a firm.

11. Official action: has the backing of the union, Unofficial action: does not have the support of their union.

12. Overtime ban Overtime ban - workers refuse to work more than their normal hours. Work-to-rule Work-to-rule - workers comply with every rule and regulation at work in order to slow down production. Go-slow Go-slow - working deliberately slowly. Sit-in Sit-in - workers refuse to leave their place of work. Strike Strike - workers refuse to work.

13. Arbitration may be necessary to settle some disputes if collective bargaining fails Employers and unions allow independent ‘referee’ help them reach an agreement.