1. Issues Raised by ICT

2. Topics Security Privacy Health and Safety Legal and Ethical
Environmental
Practice Paper

3. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Hacking
Gaining unauthorised access to a computer system or network.
Hackers are often after data which can be used for criminal or malicious activities
Prevention: Installing firewalls, not using Peer-to-peer software

4. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Viruses
Programs that can replicate themselves and cross infected hardware.
Viruses can cause damage through deleting files and folders causing work to be lost or systems to crash
Prevention: Install anti virus software. Do not download unsolicited materials

5. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Trojans
Similar to viruses but cannot replicate themselves.
Trojans are normally used to collect ‘keystrokes’ from a computer allowing a hacker access
Prevention: Firewalls and anti-virus software

6. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Spam
s (normally advertising) that are sent out to large numbers of recipients (think Junk mail but in electronic form)
Prevention: Much software has a spam filter

7. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Spyware
“We know what you’re doing”. Software that monitors your computer activity without your permission
Spyware is used to collect information (browsing histories) for marketing or illegal purposes

8. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Cookies
A small file that records details such as passwords, personal data and browsing activity
Cookies allow companies to target specific marketing to you. They are also used to remember passwords/usernames to websites.
Not all cookies are bad

9. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Phishing
Sending out s that direct the user to a ‘fake’ website
Users will then enter details (usernames/passwords etc) that are passed on to another source for other uses such as Fraud.
Prevention: User awareness

10. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Pop-Ups
Messages or adverts which appear automatically.

11. Security Hacking Viruses Trojans Spam Spyware Cookies Phishing Pop-Ups
Identity Theft
Identity Theft
Stealing personal data for criminal purposes.
This can be using information from Social Networking sites or to setting up bank accounts
Prevention: Privacy settings

12. Privacy Policy is NOT about Security/Privacy Settings
All data in the UK is protected by the Data Protection Act 1998.
Companies/organisations should have a Privacy Policy which informs users:
What there data can be used for
If the website uses cookies
Privacy Policy is NOT about Security/Privacy Settings

13. Health and Safety
Employers in the UK have to abide by the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
There are many Health problems associated with the use of computers:
Back Pain
Eye Strain
RSI
Ergonomics is the term for products designed to meet the needs of the user to prevent health problems

14. Health and Safety
There are also other dangers associated with computers and computer areas. These can include:
Trailing wires
Overloaded electrical sockets
Food and Drink
Pets / Children

15. Health and Safety
Health is also an issue but can be viewed from two sides
Positive
Games designed for health purposes
Increased reflexes
People with disabilities
Negative
Addiction to games
Physical dangers

16. Legal and Ethical Issues
Computers and their users are also bound by laws which include:
Copyright and Patents Act
Gives the creator exclusive rights over a period of time
Computer Misuse Act
Using a computer to commit a crime

17. Environmental
The environment is a big issue in ICT. Companies are looking at ways of saving energy and money and reducing waste.
Energy is used to:
Power computers
Create the Hardware
Transport/Distribution

18. Environmental Energy can be saved by: ‘Green’ PCs which use less power
Downloading instead of physical copies (reduces physical waste and transportation)
Recycling hardware

19. Practice Exam Paper
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