2. Water-Tank The greater surface area allows for increased gas exchange. Typically allow 1 inch of healthy fish per gallon. Too many fish creates a toxic environment. Certain fish require large amounts of water.

3. Clean Water (Filtration) Mechanical- physically remove suspended particles. (sponges) Biological- bacteria used to remove harmful molecules, helps with nitrogen cycle. Chemical- activated carbon chemically removes toxic substances.

4. Air Pump Air pumps- size needs to correspond to tank size. Air stones attach to plastic tubing that runs from air pump. Air pumps increase oxygen flow throughout a tank.

5. Water temp Heater-check your fish for their preferred temperature. Different fish have different optimal thriving conditions.

6. Lighting Don’t expose your fish and fish friends to light 24 hours a day. Use of a timer provides 12 on and 12 off cycle for fish.

7. Aquarium Maintenance Fish and invertebrates produce toxic ammonia as part of their digestive and respiratory activities. Toxins also come from uneaten food and decay. Weekly partial water changes necessary t0 remove toxins.

8. Substrate Provides anchorage for plants. Gravel should be about 2 inches deep. Never buy gravel that has sharp edges and these can injure the fish as many species like to burrow or eat from the substrate.

9. Tank Labeling