1. “””WITH THE NAME OF ALLAH””””

3. HYDROCYANIC ACID &CYANIDES

4. prepared by distilling KCN with dilute H2SO4 Occurs in leaves of cherry lourel,bitter almond,in kernels of cherry,peach n in bamboo shoots n in oil seeds prepared by distilling KCN with dilute H2SO4 Occurs in leaves of cherry lourel,bitter almond,in kernels of cherry,peach n in bamboo shoots n in oil seeds

8. Used as FLAVORING AGENT e.g cherry &almond bitter

9. Combines with metals i.e Na,K,Ag forming KCN etc Used in steel industry,photography. HCN As insecticide MgCN Used for mining purposes CaCN

11. Pure acid is colorless,volatile liquid,with charecteristic odor which is similar to bitter almond. Only used in chemical labs Cheaply used to fumigate house,shops,railway carriages

12.  MODE OF ACTION:  A Protoplasmic poison,interferes with the activity of cytochrome oxidase enzymes thus preventing tissue from utilizing oxygen from blood.

13.  ACUTE POISONING:  HCN is a rapidly acting poison which act within a few seconds  Maximum time for death is 2-10 minutes  SYMPTOMS;  Odour of poison from breath,confusion anxiety,giddiness,staggering gait,pupils are dilated n don’t react to light  Loss of consciousness&short rapid inspiration.

14.  Convulsions & rapid feeble pulse  Bright, shinning and wide opened eyes of victim  Cyanosis, cold skin,relaxation of sphincters,foam on mouth,death from respiratory failure.  HCN INHALATION causes constriction in throat and chest,dizziness,vertigo & ultimately death due to respiratory failure.

15.  SYMPTOMS:  Corrosions of mouth,throat & stomach leading to epigastric pain and vomiting.  Cyanosis of face,neck & hands  Frothy foams on lips,dilated pupils,pulse imperceptive  Slow and shallow respiration  Incontinance of urine  Respiratory failure & ultimately death

17.  HCN is mainly found in photography works due to their long exposure.  SYMPTOMS:  Headache,vertigo,anorexia,anemia,dyspnoea,co nstipation.  Fatal dose:  KCN 200 mg, HCN60 mg  70-80 bitter almonds,60 drops almond oil  Fatal period:2-10 minutes

18.  1. EMESIS;  I mmediately irritate the larynx leading the patient to vomit.  Warm water is used if available.  2. Antidotes:  Amyl-nitrate(give inhalation for 30 seconds)  Na-nitrate(1/2 to 10ml of 3%)  Na-thiosulphate(slow injection,50ml 25%)

20.  NITRATES forms Met-Hb(which combines with cyanide forming cyano-met Hb,thus enzyme is free for action)  Na-thiosulphate;inactivate cyanide by converting it into thiocyanate and so enzyme is free.

21.  It also forms MET-Hb.  Keep patient warm and give artificial respiration and O2 inhalation.  4.KCN_POISONING:  Wash stomach with KMNO4  5.IV GLUCOSE:  to treat shock  6.inhaled poisoning:  Give artificial respiration and O2 inhalation

22.  External:  1. s kin is bright red in colour due to formation of cyan met-Hb & presence of unutilized O2 in blood  2. clinched fingers,cyanosed blue nails, froth at mouth  3. Jaw firmly closed  4. Bright & prominent eyes with dilated pupils

25.  5. Rigor mortis starts early and lasts longer.  Internal:  1. on opening the body,there will be odour of HCN  2. froth in trachea and brochi which may be blood stained.  3. lungs congested.

26.  Hcn:  Mucous membrane of esophagus, stomach&doudenum will be red & congested.  Kcn:  1. lips and mouth corroded and mucous membrane of stomach will be ulcerated.  2. brain and its meninges are congested.  3. lungs dark red,congested & edematous.  4. liver and spleen also congested.

27.  1.Used as suicidal poison  2.Used as homocidal poison for cattles.also called cattle poison.  3.Accidental poison due to oil almond,cherry laural oil, & inhalation of fumes  4.Application to wounds,injection of HCN in rectum or maybe taken for medical purpose,all leading to accidental poisioning.  5.Traces of HCN also produced by putrefaction.

28.  HCN is absorbed from mucus membrane,intact skin & also through lungs.  Some part of cyanide is excreted in urine in the form of sulphocyanide.  Also excreted through skin.

29.  Toxic acid of KCN depend upon quantity of HCL in Stomach.  RASPUTIN was given 10 times more than fatal dose,but he survived.Reason was that he was chronic alcohilic and bcz of gastritis & lack of HCL.  NO conversion of cyanide into HCN  Gastriris also retards absorbtion of cyanide.

30. THANK U