1. Classification and Identification of Alcohols and Phenols

2. Alcohols may be classified as either primary, secondary or tertiary depending on the number of carbon-containing groups attached to the carbon- bearing hydroxyl group.
Types of Alcohols

3. Examples of Alcohols

4. A phenol has a hydroxyl group bonded directly to a carbon that is part of an aromatic ring.
Phenols

5. Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
Alcohols and phenols are polar because of the hydroxyl group
The polar side and hydrogen bonding allows them to dissolve in water
The non-polar side allows them to dissolve in certain organic solvents
Alcohols are not acidic
Phenols are acidic
Properties of Alcohols and Phenols

6. A series of tests can be used to distinguish between alcohol types and phenols:
Solubility pH
Lucas Test
Chromic Acid Test
Iodoform Test
Iron(III)chloride Test
Chemical Properties

7. Used to distinguish between a primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol.
Lucas Test

8. Used to distinguish primary and secondary alcohols from tertiary alcohols.
Phenols produce a brown tarry mass when combined with chromic acid.
Chromic Acid Test

9. This test is used to distinguish alcohols with the partial structure R-CH3CH(OH) from other alcohols. Phenols also react.
Iodoform Test

10. Phenols are acidic and dissolve in a basic solution
Phenols are acidic and dissolve in a basic solution. Alcohols are not acidic and will not dissolve in a basic solution.
Acidity of Phenol

11. Iron(III) Chloride Test
This test distinguishes between alcohols and phenols.
The resulting color change can vary from green to purple.
Alcohols produce no color change.
Iron(III) Chloride Test

12. Caution! Chromic acid is very corrosive.
Phenols are toxic, avoid skin contact.
Your instructor will dispense all of the chromic acid as well as police the hazardous waste.
DO NOT THROW ANY CHEMICALS DOWN THE DRAIN!!!
EACH HAS AN APPROPRIATE WASTE CONTAINER IN THE HOOD!!
Caution!

13. Potential Health Effects
Inhalation: difficulty breathing, sore throat, coughing, dizziness, dullness, headache, drowsiness, sneezing, wheezing, central nervous system depression, narcosis, unconsciousness, choking, inflammation of the upper respiratory system, pulmonary edema, circulatory failure, coma, increased sweating, pulmonary edema, reduced body temperature, euphoria, cyanosis, tissue necrosis, convulsion, chemical pneumonitis and death
Ingestion: sore throat, narcosis, abdominal pain, nausea, headache, dizziness, diarrhea, kidney damage, liver damage, hearing damage, burns and inflammation of the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach, brown stains around the mouth, low blood pressure, tachycardia, vomiting , muscular weakness, increased sweating and death
Skin contact: sensitization, irritant, redness, pain, drying, cracking, defatting of the skin ulcers, rash and can be absorbed through the skin
Eye contact: stinging, tearing, redness, pain of the eyes, blurred vision, corneal damage and blindness
Tumorigens, mutagens, carcinogens and reproductive effectors
Potential Health Effects