1. STEREOTYPES What are they? How are they formed? What are the effects

2. Starter You are going to try and answer the following questions about me; What does my mom do for a living? What does my dad do for a living? What is my favourite band? What is my favourite hobby? What is my favourite colour?

3. Stereotypes - definition A generalization that is made about a group and then attributed to members of that group. Can be positive or negative Result of schema processing Give some examples… Augoustinos et al. (2006) – ‘a stereotype is a schema, with all the properties of schemas’

4. Activity Come up with 3 stereotypes to describe each of these pictures…

5. Social-cognitive approach Social world is complex – too much information in the world and we need to simplify The social categorization we do is… Stereotypes Evidence from the previous activity??? Stereotypes are: -Energy-saving devices -Automatically activated -Stable and resistant to change -Affect our behavior Stereotypes are: -Energy-saving devices -Automatically activated -Stable and resistant to change -Affect our behavior Augoustinos et al. (2006)

6. Formation of Stereotypes  Developed indirectly by gatekeepers  (the media, parents, and other members of our culture)  Developed directly through conditioning  Association to a stimulus

7. Formation of stereotypes What does Tajfel say? Result of social categorization (explains ethnocentrism and ‘in-group’ favoritism) Limitation – does not explain how it actually happens What does Campbell (1967) say? Result of The Grain of Truth Hypothesis One interaction with a member of a group will be generalized to all members What do Fisk & Tyler say? Result of Cognitive Misers – Hueristics/shortcuts ‘We tend not to stray too far from previously held beliefs when processing new information’

8. Effects of Stereotyping Labeling & Self-fulfilling prophecy Development of prejudice and ‘the –isms’ Stereotype Threats & Spotlight Anxieties Confirmation Bias Spense et al (1999) Steele & Aronson (1995) Jane Elliott (1968) “Brown Eyes; Blue Eyes”

9. Stereotype research Dangers of stereotype research: Social desirability effect (don’t want to appear rude and want to remain ‘politically correct’) False consensus bias (the assumption that others agree with you when making an assumption) Limitations

10. Possible SAQ Explain one theory as to how stereotypes are formed using one research study. (8 marks) Intro & Key Terms Conclusion/ Connection Main Body & Examination of A Study