1. Csoba Judit csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu The institutions and resources of the Hungarian employment policy Crisis – Reform – Change Conference and book launch Debrecen, 15.11.2012.

3. 1. The employment situation after the fall of socialism -loss of old markets and gradually increasing uncertainty, - full employment an unrealistic promise, - the number of the "hidden unemployed" grew significantly, - expectations toward „privatization” and restructuring of the economy was extremely high, - employment seemed to be unmanageable

4. 2. The emergence of unemployment -the number of job-seekers registered at employment agencies since 1987 -economy, companies and institutions employed many more people than they actually needed -hidden unemployment, "unemployment within he gates.„ -to criminalize people who had lost their jobs -the positive "job-seeker" and the negative "work- shy„ -the first unemployment benefit was first granted in 1989

6. Country 200020052010 Czech Republic 65.264.865.0 Estonia 61.064.261.0 Poland 55,0 53.059.3 Slovakia 56.857.758.8 Hungary 56.056.955.4 Employment rates in some countries in the age group of 15 to 64 Source: OECD, StatExtracts, 2011 http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=STLABOUR# http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DatasetCode=STLABOUR#

7. The structure of unemployment - -unemployment occurs more frequently with a low level of schooling, -men's unemployment rate has increased compared to that of women's, -high unemployment rate by young people, -high rate of long-term unemployment

11. 3. Managing unemployment: the system of labour market institutions the municipal councils played the role since 1950s by the organizing labor force recruitment, to develop the formerly existing labour force management activity into a service was made in the early 80s, a uniform system was first created by ÁBMH (1985), by the end of 1988, 262 out of the former 479 employment offices operated within the framework of the service, including 20 county offices and a total of 36 regional offices in 11 counties employing about 220 people. in the second half of the 80s the network of service offices already dealt each year with 200,000 job-seekers

12. Managing unemployment: the system of labour market instruments 1985 "re-training support„ 1986 extension of the period of notice and job-seeking benefit 1987 the possibility of early retirement 1987 public employment program 1988 Employment Fund was established with the aim to support an increasing number of active labour market measures,

13. Managing unemployment: the system of passive measure the first unemployment benefit was granted on January 1, 1989, Act IV of 1991 on the promotion of employment and unemployment benefit the period of provision was gradually decreased in the past 20 years, the duration of the originally 24 month long unemployment benefit is only 3 months (90 days) since September 1, 2011. 1993 means-tested social benefit by 2011 41.1 % of the registered unemployed were not entitled to any kind of passive welfare provision – neither unemployment nor social benefits.

14. Managing unemployment: the system of active measure from the middle of the 70s to the middle of the 80s: reorganization of the training system without any other social welfare services, the earliest and most widely used active measure is the public employment programms more than 2/3 of all resources available for the financing of active measures were used for these three active measures during the past few years.

16. csoba.judit@arts.unideb.hu Thank you for your attention!