1. Homework Check Please turn in your chart on what was hard and easier of farming on the Plains. Remember I’m checking to see if you take complete notes! 5 points daily work

2. Farmers On the Great Plains Warm-up What do you know about farming on the Great Plains? Write two or three phrases about farming. If you do not know anything about farming, look at the picture below and write three things you notice.

3. The Homestead Act 1860’s farmers began to settle. Homestead Act – 1862 – offered 160 acres to anyone willing to live on and farm the land for five years. Men, single women and widows. 1862-1900 – ½ million farms were started.

4. Land Rush http://movieclips.com/4JzR-far-and-away- movie-the-oklahoma-land-rush/ As settlers spread across the West – free land began to appear Native Americans forced off of land Farmers could claim free land 100,000 land seekers lined up “Sooners” – cheated and staked out land

5. Farm Life Life was hard – Bitter cold winters – Hot blazing summers Men and boys – worked fields Women and girls – closer to house – Vegetable gardens, raised chickens and a cow, cooked, sewed, made butter, soap and candles, canned vegetables Spring planting and autumn harvest – everyone went to fields.

6. Sod Houses Few trees – did not build wooden houses Used sod – pieces of grass with attached roots and dirt cut into strips Walls about 3 feet thick Kept in the heat during winter and kept it cool in summer

7. Community Farm families often joined together to get things done. Built houses, barns and schools – together Social Events – barn dances, church services, holiday picnics, quilting bees and parties

8. Farming on the Plains Sod was good for house not for farming Long tough roots hard to break apart Little rain New technologies Steel plow – easier to break apart the land Grain drills – plant several rows of seed at once Threshing machines – made removing grains of wheat faster and easier Barbed wire – marked off the land, kept cattle from roaming Joseph Glidden Grain drills Threshing machine Steel plow Barbed wire

9. New ways to farm Dry farming – deep ditches between rows allowing water to reach roots of plants Raised crops like winter wheat – grows in the spring when ground has moisture and harvested before hot summer

10. Writing Assignment Think about what life was like on a farm. Would you have moved to the Great Plains to start a farm? Start by making a list of reasons to stay an go. Reasons to go Reasons to stay Write a letter to a family member explaining your decision to stay or go. Explain why or why not. Use the information from these notes and your reading notes to support your opinion.