1. Natural Hazards Notes What are they? Where do they happen? What kind of damage happens? How have people adapted?

2. Earthquakes An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust along a fault line. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of stored energy in the Earth's crust along a fault line.

3. Earthquakes originate directly above the focus point which is called the epicenter.

4. Damage Damage can be minor to major. Damage can be minor to major.

5. Adaptation/Modification Humans can build structures that sway, expand, or contract to absorb the shaking of the earth. Humans can build structures that sway, expand, or contract to absorb the shaking of the earth.

6. Volcanoes What is a volcano? When pressure from the molten rock beneath the earth's surface becomes too great, the rock, usually accompanied by lava or gases, escapes through a fissure or vent in the crust of the earth. What is a volcano? When pressure from the molten rock beneath the earth's surface becomes too great, the rock, usually accompanied by lava or gases, escapes through a fissure or vent in the crust of the earth. "Volcano" is the term given to both the vent and the conical mountain left by the overflow of the erupted lava, rock and ash. "Volcano" is the term given to both the vent and the conical mountain left by the overflow of the erupted lava, rock and ash.

7. Volcanoes happen along seduction plate boundaries or where the Earth’s crust is thin.

8. Damage

9. Adaptation/Modification People may live in volcanic areas, but no modifications to the environment can be made to protect them from their destructive force. People may live in volcanic areas, but no modifications to the environment can be made to protect them from their destructive force.

10. Hurricanes When the winds in a tropical storm reach 75mph, the storm is called a hurricane. When the winds in a tropical storm reach 75mph, the storm is called a hurricane.

11. Where do they Occur? They happen over warm ocean waters in the low latitude regions around the world. They happen over warm ocean waters in the low latitude regions around the world. They are called: “hurricane” in the Atlantic Ocean, “typhoon” in the Pacific Ocean, and “cyclone” in the Indian Ocean They are called: “hurricane” in the Atlantic Ocean, “typhoon” in the Pacific Ocean, and “cyclone” in the Indian Ocean

12. Damage Winds determine the intensity of a hurricane Strong winds are the most common means of destruction associated with hurricanes. They uproot trees, knock over buildings and homes, fling potentially deadly debris around, sink or ground boats, and flip cars. Strong winds are the most common means of destruction associated with hurricanes. They uproot trees, knock over buildings and homes, fling potentially deadly debris around, sink or ground boats, and flip cars. Still, flooding kills more people than the strong winds do. Still, flooding kills more people than the strong winds do.

13. Damage, Storm Surge One major cause of hurricane damage is storm surge. Storm surge is the rising of the sea level due to the low pressure, high winds, and high waves associated with a hurricane as it makes landfall. The storm surge can cause significant flooding and cost people their lives if they're caught unexpected. One major cause of hurricane damage is storm surge. Storm surge is the rising of the sea level due to the low pressure, high winds, and high waves associated with a hurricane as it makes landfall. The storm surge can cause significant flooding and cost people their lives if they're caught unexpected.hurricanelow pressure, high windshurricanelow pressure, high winds

14. Adapting for Hurricanes Homes and building are constructed with extra supports systems to handle high winds, but even these methods will not prevent damage from storm surge or winds that are extreme. Homes and building are constructed with extra supports systems to handle high winds, but even these methods will not prevent damage from storm surge or winds that are extreme.

15. Tsunamis What causes a tsunami?... A tsunami is a large ocean wave that is caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor. This sudden motion could be an earthquake, a powerful volcanic eruption, or an underwater landslide. What causes a tsunami?... A tsunami is a large ocean wave that is caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor. This sudden motion could be an earthquake, a powerful volcanic eruption, or an underwater landslide. Tsunamis travel across the open ocean at great speeds and build into large deadly waves in the shallow water of a shoreline. Tsunamis travel across the open ocean at great speeds and build into large deadly waves in the shallow water of a shoreline.

16. Tsunamis can happen in any ocean, but tend to originate at plate boundaries

17. Earthquakes and Tsunamis

18. Tsunami Damage

19. Adapting to Tsunami’s One way people adapt to Tsunami’s is to have early warning devices that will alert others that a tsunami is on its way. One way people adapt to Tsunami’s is to have early warning devices that will alert others that a tsunami is on its way. Plans call for the U.S. Tsunami warning network to total 39 DART™ II buoy stations by mid-summer 2008 (32 in the Pacific and seven in the Atlantic Basin). Plans call for the U.S. Tsunami warning network to total 39 DART™ II buoy stations by mid-summer 2008 (32 in the Pacific and seven in the Atlantic Basin).

20. Flooding When an area receives more rainfall then it can handle flooding occurs. This can happen almost anywhere in the world.

21. Damage From Flooding Physical damage- Structures such as buildings get damaged due to flood water. Landslides can also take place. Physical damage- Structures such as buildings get damaged due to flood water. Landslides can also take place. Casualties- People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to epidemics and diseases. Casualties- People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to epidemics and diseases. Water supplies- Contamination of water. Clean drinking water becomes scarce. Water supplies- Contamination of water. Clean drinking water becomes scarce. Crops and food supplies- Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of entire harvest Crops and food supplies- Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of entire harvest Floods account for more than $1 billion in property losses in the United States each year. Floods account for more than $1 billion in property losses in the United States each year.

22. Adapting Flood planning and mitigation is based on gathering high-quality information related to a variety of physical, environmental, and human conditions. Flood planning and mitigation is based on gathering high-quality information related to a variety of physical, environmental, and human conditions. Flooding causes more damage in the United States than any other severe weather related event, an average of $4.6 billion a year in the past 20 years (1984-2003). Flooding can occur in any of the 50 states or U.S. territories at anytime of the year. Flooding causes more damage in the United States than any other severe weather related event, an average of $4.6 billion a year in the past 20 years (1984-2003). Flooding can occur in any of the 50 states or U.S. territories at anytime of the year.

23. Droughts Drought is a natural phenomenon, like hurricanes, tornadoes, or earthquakes. Unlike these examples, however, drought develops slowly, lasts longer, and often is very subtle – it can creep up on a region and cause damage before being identified. Drought is a natural phenomenon, like hurricanes, tornadoes, or earthquakes. Unlike these examples, however, drought develops slowly, lasts longer, and often is very subtle – it can creep up on a region and cause damage before being identified.

24. Where can Droughts happen Anywhere that climate change effects the normal amount of precipitation over a period of time. Anywhere that climate change effects the normal amount of precipitation over a period of time. Damage from Droughts Droughts causes between $6 billion and $8 billion a year in direct estimated losses to the U.S. economy. Droughts causes between $6 billion and $8 billion a year in direct estimated losses to the U.S. economy. Adapting to Droughts Drought planning and mitigation is based on gathering high-quality information related to a variety of physical, environmental, and human conditions. Drought planning and mitigation is based on gathering high-quality information related to a variety of physical, environmental, and human conditions.

25. Notice that Texas one of the top five States that has had major weather related damage Notice that Texas one of the top five States that has had major weather related damage

26. Having a family emergency plan can save lives