1. Stages of Spelling Development

2. How do children learn how to spell?
Concepts of print
Letter-sound correspondence (match)
Spelling within a one-syllable word
Build words with multi-syllables
Word meanings related to spelling

3. How do children learn how to spell?
INVENTED SPELLING…
Concepts of print
Letter-sound correspondence
Spelling within a word
Build words with multi-syllables
Word meanings
1. Emergent:Scribbles>letters & directionality
2. Letter-Name: Alphabetic principle, consonants / short vowels /cons.blends
3. Within-word patterns: long vowel, bossy-r, vowel combinations
4. Syllables & Affixes (Word Endings): plurals, tenses
5. Derivational Relations: relationship btw spelling & meaning, various forms

4. Spelling < > Reading
1. Emergent: Scribbles >letters & directionality
2. Letter-Name: Alphabetic principle, consonants / short vowels /cons.blends
3. Within-word patterns: long vowel, bossy-r, vowel combinations
4. Syllables & Affixes (Word Endings): plurals, tenses
5. Derivational Relations: relationship btw spelling & meaning, various forms
Emergent Reader
PreK-K
Beginning Reader
K-1
Transitional Reader
Gr 2 – 3
Advanced Reader
Gr. 4 +

5. A clarification…
Letter-Name Alphabetic Spellers tend to spell by the NAME of the letter (Y = why; YN = when; UZ = use) and they often use the uppercase letter
Early (mostly letter names)
Middle > Late (combine names & sounds)
Next steps: Focus on the SOUND of the letter and how SOUNDS get combined to form words

6. Can you match them up? personable, personality kit (kite)
runing (running)
lOEO~~OllOAOo~~
TD (today)
frend (friend)
Derivational
Late Letter Name
Syllables/Affixes
Emergent
Early Letter Name
Personable (Derivational); Kite (Mid-Late Letter Name); Running (Syllables/Affixes); IOEO (Emergent); TD (Early Letter Name); Friend (Within-Word) )
Within-Word

7. How do you know what spelling stage they are in?
Look at what patterns they are USING
Then look at what patterns they are CONFUSING
The things they are confusing indicates their developmental stage and what you should teach next
LET’S TRY IT OUT

8. Stages of Spelling Development
Stage 1: Emergent Spelling
Using:
representational drawing
distinct writing forms
directionality
partial phonetic spelling
names and sight words
Confusing:
- Full phonetic spelling

9. Stages of Spelling Development
Stage 2: Letter Name – Alphabetic Spelling
Early Letter Name Middle-Late Letter Name
represents most salient
sounds with beg. consonants
Within-word confusions
(mostly vowel teams)

10. Stages of Spelling Development
Stage 3: Within Word Pattern Spelling
Early Within Word
Confusing:
Substituting short vowels for ambiguous vowels;
Inconsistent with long vowel teams
within words
Using: consonant blends, short vowels;
Basic sight words

11. Stages of Spelling Development
Stage 4: Syllables and Affixes Spelling
Using proper spellings of one syllable words - Confusing:
Spelling patterns at the syllable break; doubling or dropping
Letters; confusing suffixes like “tion” in national

12. Stage 5: Derivational Relations Spelling
Root words can help spell words (e.g., favor, challenge, divide, differ) – longer words DERIVED from…

13. Steps in Determining Student’s Stage of Spelling Development
1. Choose writing samples
2. Identify misspelled words
3. Make a spelling analysis chart
4. Categorize student’s misspellings
5. Tally the errors
6. Identify topics for instruction

14. Spelling Development in Within Word Pattern Stage (Transitional Readers)
Vowel patterns (long, r-controlled, w-controlled, l-controlled)
Dipthongs (Whiners – oo, oy/oi, ow/ou; aw/au)
Complex Consonants (ck, ch/tch, kn, dge/ge, squ, scr/spr/str)
Pacing Chart WTW p

15. In what stage of spelling development is Mark?
Today a person at home called us and said that a bomb was in our school and made us go outside and made us wait a half of an hour and it made us waste our time on learning. The end. (Written by Marc in Grade 1)

16. Letter-Name Alphabetic Within-Word Syllables & Affixes
Other Issues
Conclusion:
Goals for Word Study Instruction: 1. 2. 3. 4.
56% accuracy; most spelling errors in the letter name-alphabetic and within-word patterns stages, which is typical of first graders. Topics for instruction: high-frequency words; CVC-e vowel pattern, ed inflectional ending, forming the letter “d”

17. Letter Formation
b for d
z for s
Today a person at home called us and said that a bomb was in our school and made us go outside and made us wait a half of an hour and it made us waste our time on learning. The end.
56% accuracy; most spelling errors in the letter name-alphabetic and within-word patterns stages, which is typical of first graders. Topics for instruction: high-frequency words; CVC-e vowel pattern, ed inflectional ending, forming the letter “d”

19. What goals for word study instruction?
Conclusion: Marc spelled 56% of the words correctly and most of his spelling errors were in the letter-name and within-word patterns stages, which is typical of first graders’ spelling.
What goals for word study instruction?
Letter d (vs. b) and letter s (vs. z)
High-frequency words
CVCe vowel pattern
ed past tense ending

20. Try it out… Mapping Early Literacy Writing Samples to Developmental Spelling Stages

21. Sample & Stage
How do you know?
Where do you go next? 1. 2.

22. Sample & Stage How do you know? Where do you go next?
1. Der Mrs SLBR
I will Ys teth
Middle Letter Name Alphabetic
Represents beg & end sounds but not always correct letters
Letter names for vowels
Spells initial and final sounds and some blends
More modeling
Phonics: letter-sound correspondence
Sight words: you, yes,
2. Tac You; Good Leic
Middle letter name
Alphabetic
Beg & end sounds
Concept of word (but periods)
Invented spelling leic
Uses capital and small letters
No periods – space with finger; letter caps; hearing the middle of words; sight words: give, good, thank

23. Sample & Stage
How do you know?
Where do you go next?
Wotid = wanted
TAR = there
S backwards -
Early letter name
Sight words
Mostly uppercase
Uppercase and lowercase letters; use any endmark; letter formation 4.
Rascules – rascals
Pepple – people
There – they’re
within word or syllables and affixes
Multisyllablic words
Silent letters

24. Sample & Stage
How do you know?
Where do you go next? 5. 6.

25. Homework
Thursday:
Bring 3 copies of completed inventory to class (FIRST name only)
Read Biggam, Ch. 9: Spelling
Text-Based Discussion on Ruby the Copycat is due