1. What was the cause of the 1905 Revolution?
Battleship Potemkin
How is the Tsarist regime shown?
US Doc Nicholas II to Bloody Sunday

2. Key Timeline: 1881 to 95 Alexander III = reaction, crushing opposition
1893to 1903 Finance minister Witte, Tsar Nicholas II, ‘Great spurt = industrialisation
1904 War with Japan = strains Russia
1905 Bloody Sunday, Revolution
1905 October Manifesto = Duma, some elections
1906 to 14 increasing reaction, crushing opposition
1914 World War I = strains Russia
1917 February Revolution = Provisional Government takes over
1917 October Revolution = Bolsheviks take over
1918 first Russian elections
1918to 21 Civil War = Bolsheviks (Communists) consolidate control

3. Key Essay topics
How successfully did the Tsars control Russia before 1905?
What were the causes of the 1905 Revolution?
What were the results of the 1905 Revolution OR How successfully did the Tsars control Russia after 1905?
What were the causes of the February 1917 Revolution?
What were the causes of the October 1917 Revolution?
How did the Bolsheviks consolidate control over Russia by 1921?

4. Causes of the 1905 revolution:
Long term problems: geography, Russification, autocracy
Industrialisation, Witte’s policy workers taxed & low wages, economic slump of 1902
Land: peasantry increasingly desperate for land in the face of hunger and poverty: poor harvest of 1900 & 1902
Tsars: Reaction of Alexander III-Police State, censorship, alienated intelligentsia, Nicholas II weak & indecisive .
Opposition / liberals / revolutionary groups, many inspired by Marxism. Political assassinations.
Failure of Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday- massacre of Fr Gapon et al

5. What caused the 1905 Revolution…
Aims:
Must : List the main causes of the 1905 Revolution in Russia with facts
Should: Explain and argue the most important cause
You are going to prepare a paragraph answering the key question
You must have
a starter sentence.
3-4 factual examples.
Explanation sentences.
Links to other reasons
Peasant discontent / country problems
Political problems / Liberals
Revolutionaries
Russification / Nationalism
Tsarist regime
Economic problems – Witte - workers
Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday Eg

6. What caused the 1905 Revolution…
In groups you are going to prepare a paragraph answering the key question
You must have
a starter sentence.
3-4 factual examples.
Explanation sentences.
Links to other reasons
Then present it to the class
Russification / Nationalism
Economic problems – Witte – workers
Peasant discontent / country problems / land
Tsarist regime
Political problems / Liberals / Revolutionaries
Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday
Russia Land of the Tsars part 17 Eg

7. Some numbers: Coal production 1880 3.2 m tons, 1900 16.1 m
Population m m
St Petersburg , m
Railways ,270 m ,850
Russification= policy of forcing Russian language on all (eg Poles)
1897 Jewish Bund = organisation to fight for Jews’ rights
Pobedonostev = ‘Grand Inquisitor’ = organised Alex III’s reaction
Now draw the pressure kettle,
Show who’s in the kettle (Russia) eg, population
Show what’s heating up the pressure underneath
And show what’s keeping the lid on (controlling)

8. Notes: Did Russo-J war cause Revolution?
Read Lynch Russia pg Complete the following Notes:
Russo-Japanese War:
The Russian Government had 3 motives:
To pursue…
To obtain…
To distract…
Plehve was…
Witte wanted war because…..
The Path to war:
Russia looked on Japan..
They expected…
The Russian Gov. rejected….
Japan..
The Course of the conflict:
Japan had embarked upon..
Their army & navy…
Russian Baltic fleet..
Russia was forced to sign the…
4 reasons for Russia’s defeat were:

9. Reason #1 What were long term causes of revolution?
Geography... Hard to control Russia
Lack of development

10. Reason #2 What were the economic problems that led to revolution?
Witte’s industrialisation
Slums
Better communications meaning more discontent
Foreign loans... So...

11. Reason #2 Did industrialisation lead to revolution?
Minister Zubatov organised UNIONS of workers to keep them under government control.
But this encouraged them together and complain.
LINK: War made industrial working WORSE
Price inflation made basics expensive.
= Anger and discontent grew among the workers in cities.

12. Reason #3 Why did peasants and land issues lead to revolution?
Poverty... So...
Redemption payments... So...
Land shortages...
Back wards farming... So
LINK... Foreign loans for industrialisation?

13. Reason #3 Why did peasants and land issues lead to revolution?
Poverty... So...
Redemption payments... So... Still paying off debts of 1861 serfdom
Land shortages... Because population growing
Backwards farming... So don’t produce much
LINK... Foreign loans for industrialisation?

14. Reason #4 Was the Tsarist regime to blame?
Tsar Nicholas II... Personality
Repression... Okhrana etc
Autocracy... 1 man makes all decisions... So...

15. Reason #6 Why did war lead to revolution?
Japanese wanted empire in Korea and Manchuria.
Japanese attacked the Russian fleet in Port Arthur in Feb
War went badly wrong for Russia. Supposed to be a “…short, victorious war.” Wasn’t!
Massive economic problems at home eg railways under strain= food shortages
Shame of defeat

16. Plehve Minister of the Interior.
‘Small victorious war to avert a revolution’ -
Witte was his main political opponent
Witte wanted war – expansionism
Assassinated by the SR in July 1904

17. What was it over: Warm water port at Port Arthur - Korea.

19. Russian and Japanese troops 1905

20. Bombardment during the Siege of Port Arthur 1904

21. Retreat of the Russian Army after the Battle of Mukden

22. Reason #5 Did Opposition caused the Revolution
Reason #5 Did Opposition caused the Revolution? Liberal pressure grows for reform
1904 pressure for political reform growing & becoming organised.
2 organisations appeared:
the League of Liberation
the Paris Bloc.
brought almost all elements of the opposition together. A clear warning sign for the Tsar.

23. Peter Struve
Ex- Social Democrat formed liberal newspaper, “Liberation”.
Created the Union of Liberation –
brought together many Liberal opponents of the Tsar in Jan

24. The Paris Bloc
Sept opponents of the Tsar met in Paris to cooperate and formed the Paris Bloc.
Contained Liberals, SRs, Social Democrats (Mensheviks) and nationalists. (Pre 1905 these groups are illegal)
Aimed at
the removal of the autocracy
National self-determination
A democratically elected government.

25. What caused the 1905 Revolution…
Aims:
Must : List the main causes of the 1905 Revolution in
Russia with facts
Should: Explain and argue the most important cause
Starter:
Opposition Groups quiz, quiz, swap

26. #5 Did Opposition Liberals lead to a revolution?
Zemstva Congress called for a law-making Duma.
The Union of Liberation organised a “banqueting campaign” where honest citizens voted for a Duma.
Put pressure on the government.
Dec Port Arthur fell. Liberals felt shame!
Tsar made some concessions but insufficient to quell discontent. Call for a Duma continued.

27. Liberal: Paul Milyukov
Arranged Revolutionary Banquets (meetings illegal) – like one that preceded the 1848 revolutions in France.
Enabled influential members of the intelligensia to express a desire for political change.
Leads liberal groups into a ‘Union of Unions’

28. Notes: How did ‘Bloody Sunday’ lead to revolution?
Read Lynch Russia pg Complete the following Notes:
1905 Revolution – ‘Bloody Sunday’
The course of events:
It began on…
Father Gapon…
The intention of the workers was to…
The role of the police…
The events led to criticism of the Tsar as…
Disorder Spreads:
The reaction was…
Social revolutionaries…
Land and properties were…
Non Russian Minorities…
A Liberal ‘Union of Unions’…
Mutinies:
Aboard the Potemkin…
This led to…
Witte feared _________ and the Tsar made him…

29. Father Gregori Gapon & Bloody Sunday
Orthodox Priest
Headed the Zubatov Union of Russian factory & mill workers.
22nd Jan Led to Winter Palace at St Petersburg with petition for Tsar to relieve conditions.
murdered by Okhrana

30. Reason # 7 Did Bloody Sunday lead to Revolution?
22nd Jan bloody sunday nicholas and alexandra 1971
Gapon’s workers went on strike
peacefully marched to present a petition to Tsar.
Troops to prevent attack on Winter Palace.
Nicholas was not there
soldiers fired killing 200
shock was felt throughout the land.
Tsar not ‘little father’???
Results = General strike started
Peasants land seizures etc

31. Bloody Sunday, 1905

32. The last straw?
“Bloody Sunday was an explosive revelation … snapping the ‘sacred bond’ which had united the people with their Tsar”
Historian Marc Farro

33. What were the results of Bloody Sunday?
More strikes 1st on 30 Jan (unsuccessful),
peasant uprisings & nationalist revolts.
Continuing bad news from the war - the loss of the Baltic Fleet at the Battle of Tsushima.
Formation of ‘Union of Unions’ May 1905
Peace: Treaty of Portsmouth, 6th Aug – return of Witte
Tsar offered concessions: a consultative Duma = advises but doesn’t make laws.
Protests continued. Breakdown of law and order possible so…

34. Results: The October Manifesto, 17th October 1905.
Nicholas promised reforms:
-civil liberties, e.g. Freedom of the press, the right to form associations, relaxed restrictions on universities
-extension of the electorate of the Duma;
-Duma could now suggest laws;
-a constitutional charter (set of guaranteed freedoms and laws limiting Tsar)

35. Key Notes:
Read Lynch Russia pg Complete the following Notes:
1905 Revolution – ‘Bloody Sunday’
Mutinies:
Aboard the Potemkin…
This led to…
Witte feared _________ and the Tsar made him…
Soviets:
By Autumn 1905…
A Soviet was…
Government Recovery:
On Witte’s advice…
The Liberals claimed…
The peasants were pacified as…
Industrial workers….
The Soviets were…
Witte was…

36. Key Notes:
Read Lynch Russia pg Complete the following Notes:
1905 Revolution – ‘Bloody Sunday’
Mutinies:
Aboard the Potemkin…
This led to…
Witte feared _________ and the Tsar made him…
Soviets:
By Autumn 1905…
A Soviet was…
Government Recovery:
On Witte’s advice…
The Liberals claimed…
The peasants were pacified as…
Industrial workers….
The Soviets were…
Witte was…

37. Conclusions
Industrialisation and urbanisation had changed Russian society socially and economically. Its people wanted political changes to reflect this.
The 1905 Revolution was not planned. It was a spontaneous outbreak of national discontent.
Liberals were active in demanding the creation of a Duma but many groups had worked towards this and some of them wanted to go much further.

38. Conclusions
Tsar forced to grant concessions in order to stop revolution.
He promised the creation of a Duma.
Where were the revolutionaries???!!! HW
Higher: p45-50 take notes using headings on p. 56
Int 2: p. 33, p. 37 questions.

39. Richard & Judy: TABOO Choose ‘Richard and Judy’ from the class
They have to sit facing away from the board
Aim is to say the KEYWORD title
Class must explain it to them…
but without using any of the words on the screen.

40. Marxist
workers
Lenin
Bolshevik
revolution

41. Social Democrat
Marxist
Lenin
Bolshevik
revolution

42. Liberal
Slow
Democratic
Kadet
Octobrist

43. Kadet
Liberal
Free speech
Revolution
Middle class

44. Narodnik
Populist
Peasant
People
will

45. Octobrist
Liberal
Rich
1905
duma

46. Narodnik
Populist
Peasant
People
will

47. Narodnik
Populist
Peasant
People
will