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A 9/11 Whistleblower Examines the Official Conspiracy Theory Kevin Ryan, Member of Scholars for 911 Truth
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Scholars For 911 Truth A non-partisan association of faculty, students, and scholars, in fields as diverse as history, science, military affairs, psychology, and philosophy, dedicated to exposing falsehoods and to revealing truths behind 9/11. A non-partisan association of faculty, students, and scholars, in fields as diverse as history, science, military affairs, psychology, and philosophy, dedicated to exposing falsehoods and to revealing truths behind 9/11. Founded By… Founded By… James H. Fetzer, University of Minnesota Steven Jones, Brigham Young University
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Understanding the Official Conspiracy Theory (OCT) is important because… 1. It is being used to redefine our futures 2. It is false These two facts taken together should be very important to all Americans
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How is the OCT Redefining our Futures? Cost of 9/11 Wars – So far in just Afghanistan and Iraq Cost of 9/11 Wars – So far in just Afghanistan and Iraq Over 2600 Americans killed and approximately 17,000 wounded Over 2600 Americans killed and approximately 17,000 wounded Over 30,000 civilians (including children) killed and uncounted thousands of other military dead Over 30,000 civilians (including children) killed and uncounted thousands of other military dead $300 billion and counting $300 billion and counting Redefining our values Redefining our values Indefinite imprisonment without chargesIndefinite imprisonment without charges TortureTorture The Patriot Act and spying on AmericansThe Patriot Act and spying on Americans
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How is the OCT redefining our future? All federal programs outside of Defense and Homeland Security have become low priorities All federal programs outside of Defense and Homeland Security have become low priorities Public perception affected on every level Public perception affected on every level Skyrocketing national debt Skyrocketing national debt $5.7 trillion and falling in September 2000$5.7 trillion and falling in September 2000 $8.3 trillion now and rising rapidly$8.3 trillion now and rising rapidly The next terrorist attack and the next war The next terrorist attack and the next war Suspension of the Constitution?Suspension of the Constitution? Iran?Iran?
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Meanwhile we’re wasting precious time and resources that could be used to pursue… New solutions for the end of cheap oil New solutions for the end of cheap oil Global oil production has peakedGlobal oil production has peaked US natural gas production has peakedUS natural gas production has peaked Oil and gas are so important that the peaks will have vast implications for world politics, lifestyles, agriculture and economic stabilityOil and gas are so important that the peaks will have vast implications for world politics, lifestyles, agriculture and economic stability New ways of dealing with money New ways of dealing with money Our industrial societies and our financial systems were built on the assumption of continual growth – growth based on ever more readily available cheap fossil fuels – www.energybulletin.netOur industrial societies and our financial systems were built on the assumption of continual growth – growth based on ever more readily available cheap fossil fuels – www.energybulletin.net New solutions for environmental problems New solutions for environmental problems [Global warming] has accelerated in the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities – National Academy of Sciences[Global warming] has accelerated in the past two decades. There is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities – National Academy of Sciences Higher temperatures threaten dangerous consequences: drought, disease, floods, lost eco-systems – National Resource Defense CouncilHigher temperatures threaten dangerous consequences: drought, disease, floods, lost eco-systems – National Resource Defense Council
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The Official Conspiracy Theory ( = The War on Terror) The 9/11 Commission Report The 9/11 Commission Report Mission: To provide the fullest possible account of the events surrounding 9/11Mission: To provide the fullest possible account of the events surrounding 9/11 The NIST World Trade Center Report The NIST World Trade Center Report Mission: To explain why and how three World Trade Center skyscrapers (WTC1, WTC2 and WTC7) collapsedMission: To explain why and how three World Trade Center skyscrapers (WTC1, WTC2 and WTC7) collapsed
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Which story carries more weight? Afghanistan War and Iraq War 20,000 Americans killed or wounded 30,000 civilians killed, how many wounded? Torture Skyrocketing national debt Loss of rights and Constitution threatened Lost opportunity to pursue real problems The 9/11 Commission Report The NIST WTC Report
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The OCT as presented by the 9/11 Commission Report (911CR) Nineteen fanatically religious Arab Muslims totally outfoxed and overpowered the entire US military and intelligence apparatus, as well as the security systems of several airports, and then performing expert aerial maneuvers, flew several hijacked aircraft into buildings and crashed another in Pennsylvania. Nineteen fanatically religious Arab Muslims totally outfoxed and overpowered the entire US military and intelligence apparatus, as well as the security systems of several airports, and then performing expert aerial maneuvers, flew several hijacked aircraft into buildings and crashed another in Pennsylvania. These terrorists were acting on the behalf of Osama Bin Laden, and no other foreign or domestic agencies, because they “hate America”. These terrorists were acting on the behalf of Osama Bin Laden, and no other foreign or domestic agencies, because they “hate America”. They were able to accomplish this because of “deep institutional failings” within the US government. They were able to accomplish this because of “deep institutional failings” within the US government.
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Nineteen fanatically religious Muslims? At least six of them were reported to be alive after 9/11/01At least six of them were reported to be alive after 9/11/01 Some of them were anything but devout Muslims as they were known to enjoy alcohol, drugs, gambling and lap dancesSome of them were anything but devout Muslims as they were known to enjoy alcohol, drugs, gambling and lap dances They left some suspicious cluesThey left some suspicious clues Seymour Hersh in the New Yorker -- “A former high- level intelligence official told me whatever trail was left was left deliberately” Seymour Hersh in the New Yorker -- “A former high- level intelligence official told me whatever trail was left was left deliberately”
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Still Alive? Waleed al-Shehri was interviewed by a London newspaper then, as reported by AP, spoke on 9/22/01 to US embassy in Morocco Waleed al-Shehri was interviewed by a London newspaper then, as reported by AP, spoke on 9/22/01 to US embassy in Morocco Ahmed al-Nami told British newspaper Telegraph that “I have never even heard of Pennsylvania” Ahmed al-Nami told British newspaper Telegraph that “I have never even heard of Pennsylvania” Saaed al-Ghandi was interviewed by several newspapers and reported by the BBC to have been in Tunis for 10 months including 9/11 Saaed al-Ghandi was interviewed by several newspapers and reported by the BBC to have been in Tunis for 10 months including 9/11 Mohan al-Shehri, Salem al-Hazmi and Abdulaziz al-Omari were all reported alive and well in Saudi Arabia by the Saudi embassy in Washington. Al-Omari visited the US Consulate in Jeddah to demand an explanation Mohan al-Shehri, Salem al-Hazmi and Abdulaziz al-Omari were all reported alive and well in Saudi Arabia by the Saudi embassy in Washington. Al-Omari visited the US Consulate in Jeddah to demand an explanation
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…totally outfoxed and overpowered the entire US military and intelligence apparatus? AG John Ashcroft, SF mayor Willie Brown, and several Pentagon officials were warned not to fly on or about 9/11AG John Ashcroft, SF mayor Willie Brown, and several Pentagon officials were warned not to fly on or about 9/11 Attorney David Schippers attempted to share exact details with John Ashcroft, as provided to him by FBI agents, weeks before the attacksAttorney David Schippers attempted to share exact details with John Ashcroft, as provided to him by FBI agents, weeks before the attacks Profits from very unusual stock trades on AA, UA and MDSW point to insider knowledgeProfits from very unusual stock trades on AA, UA and MDSW point to insider knowledge The Secret Service appeared to know that the President was not a targetThe Secret Service appeared to know that the President was not a target
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Other FBI Whistleblowers Coleen Rowley Coleen Rowley In August 2001, Rowley’s Minneapolis FBI Office requested permission to search the computer of Zacarias Moussaoui because they believed he might “fly something into the WTC.” This request was not only denied, but FBI HQ changed the evidence file, downplaying Moussaoui’s connection to Al Queda.In August 2001, Rowley’s Minneapolis FBI Office requested permission to search the computer of Zacarias Moussaoui because they believed he might “fly something into the WTC.” This request was not only denied, but FBI HQ changed the evidence file, downplaying Moussaoui’s connection to Al Queda. A congressional report later said FBI HQ’s new file on Moussaoui was “patently false”A congressional report later said FBI HQ’s new file on Moussaoui was “patently false” Rowley wrote a memo blasting FBI HQRowley wrote a memo blasting FBI HQ The 911 Commission did not interview her, and called the dispute a simple “difference of opinion”The 911 Commission did not interview her, and called the dispute a simple “difference of opinion” Moussaoui is now the government’s only convict for the crimes, and may be put to death for “failure to act”Moussaoui is now the government’s only convict for the crimes, and may be put to death for “failure to act”
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Other FBI Whistleblowers Sibel Edmonds Sibel Edmonds Accused FBI of intentionally failing to translate documents relating to certain foreign governmentsAccused FBI of intentionally failing to translate documents relating to certain foreign governments Fired for writing a letter about this to the DOJ, and later gagged by Ashcroft court orderFired for writing a letter about this to the DOJ, and later gagged by Ashcroft court order Has since stated she has considerable evidence of deep wrongdoing within the US government and has suggested they knew details of the 9/11 attacksHas since stated she has considerable evidence of deep wrongdoing within the US government and has suggested they knew details of the 9/11 attacks None of her 3 and a half hour testimony to the 9/11 Commission was included in the 9/11 Commission reportNone of her 3 and a half hour testimony to the 9/11 Commission was included in the 9/11 Commission report
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War games? Apparently five war game drills were in progress on 9/11/01 Apparently five war game drills were in progress on 9/11/01 Some involved hijacked airliners, insertion of fake radar blips and pulling fighter jets away from the northeast USSome involved hijacked airliners, insertion of fake radar blips and pulling fighter jets away from the northeast US Some were “live-fly” exercises, where actual aircraft were simulating hijacked airliners as the real attacks occurredSome were “live-fly” exercises, where actual aircraft were simulating hijacked airliners as the real attacks occurred NORAD, FAA and others affectedNORAD, FAA and others affected
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…totally outfoxed and overpowered the entire US military and intelligence apparatus? The military’s story changed several timesThe military’s story changed several times 9/11 to 9/14/01 – no jets scrambled until after buildings hit 9/11 to 9/14/01 – no jets scrambled until after buildings hit 9/18/01 – jets scrambled but too far away 9/18/01 – jets scrambled but too far away July 2004 – jets scrambled late due to FAA failures, but went in wrong direction and at fraction of speed July 2004 – jets scrambled late due to FAA failures, but went in wrong direction and at fraction of speed
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…as well as the security systems of several airports? Directors of the company Stratesec, responsible for security at UA, Dulles airport and the WTC, included Wirt Walker (CEO) and Marvin BushDirectors of the company Stratesec, responsible for security at UA, Dulles airport and the WTC, included Wirt Walker (CEO) and Marvin Bush There were no Arabs on the flight manifests that were released. Airlines have since refused to release passenger lists.There were no Arabs on the flight manifests that were released. Airlines have since refused to release passenger lists.
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…then performing expert aerial maneuvers, flew several hijacked planes into buildings? Hitting a specific building at 500 mph is not easyHitting a specific building at 500 mph is not easy But “Aviation sources”, as reported by the Washington Post, said the plane that hit the Pentagon “was flown with extraordinary skill”But “Aviation sources”, as reported by the Washington Post, said the plane that hit the Pentagon “was flown with extraordinary skill” The 911CR said Hani Hanjour, flying the Pentagon plane, was a “terrible pilot” but was also “the operations most experienced pilot”The 911CR said Hani Hanjour, flying the Pentagon plane, was a “terrible pilot” but was also “the operations most experienced pilot” Hanjour’s pilot application was rejected several times, and instructors refused to go up with him againHanjour’s pilot application was rejected several times, and instructors refused to go up with him again
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No 757 wreckage at the Pentagon? No 757 wreckage in photos, inside or outside of the building No 757 wreckage in photos, inside or outside of the building Engine may have been from a missile Engine may have been from a missile Donald Rumsfeld said that a missile damaged the buildingDonald Rumsfeld said that a missile damaged the building Damage to building is questionable Damage to building is questionable FBI refuses to release the videos they confiscated from area cameras FBI refuses to release the videos they confiscated from area cameras
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…and crashed one in Pennsylvania? Did it crash or was it shot down? Aircraft debris spread over 8 mile distanceAircraft debris spread over 8 mile distance USA Today, Washington Post, ABC News and CBS News all reported that shoot down order was given approximately 20 minutes before crashUSA Today, Washington Post, ABC News and CBS News all reported that shoot down order was given approximately 20 minutes before crash Major Daniel Nash, one of the F15 pilots sent to NYC, said he was told a military F16 had shot down an airliner in PennsylvaniaMajor Daniel Nash, one of the F15 pilots sent to NYC, said he was told a military F16 had shot down an airliner in Pennsylvania Reports from people on the ground suggested the plane was brought down by a military missileReports from people on the ground suggested the plane was brought down by a military missile
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The OCT per the 911CR… These terrorists were acting on behalf of Osama Bin Laden (OBL)? These terrorists were acting on behalf of Osama Bin Laden (OBL)? Video confession appears to be a fakeVideo confession appears to be a fake OBL was known to be a CIA asset during the Russian/Afghanistan warOBL was known to be a CIA asset during the Russian/Afghanistan war In July of 2001, OBL was treated in an American hospital in Dubai (UAE) and visited there by a CIA operativeIn July of 2001, OBL was treated in an American hospital in Dubai (UAE) and visited there by a CIA operative
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…and no other foreign or domestic agencies? Foreign agents celebrating near WTCForeign agents celebrating near WTC Evidence of Saudi fundingEvidence of Saudi funding Evidence of involvement by Pakistan’s ISIEvidence of involvement by Pakistan’s ISI PNAC (Cheney, Lehman, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, etc.) called for a “New Pearl Harbor” in 2000PNAC (Cheney, Lehman, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, etc.) called for a “New Pearl Harbor” in 2000 US had plans to invade both Afghanistan (reported by BBC) and Iraq (per Paul O’Neill) before 9/11US had plans to invade both Afghanistan (reported by BBC) and Iraq (per Paul O’Neill) before 9/11
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The OCT per the 911CR… They were able to accomplish this because of “deep institutional failings” within the US government? They were able to accomplish this because of “deep institutional failings” within the US government? No one was held accountableNo one was held accountable Many were promotedMany were promoted We had no clue, yet full story was available within days (all hijackers identified in detail by 9/14)We had no clue, yet full story was available within days (all hijackers identified in detail by 9/14) Recommendations were not implementedRecommendations were not implemented
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The Official Conspiracy Theory, as presented by the 9/11 Commission report, is… …false because the report does not, by a long shot, provide the fullest possible account of the events surrounding 9/11 …false because the report does not, by a long shot, provide the fullest possible account of the events surrounding 9/11 …false because it omits or distorts many of the most important facts, apparently in an attempt to support pre-determined conclusions …false because it omits or distorts many of the most important facts, apparently in an attempt to support pre-determined conclusions …false because the recommendations have not been taken seriously …false because the recommendations have not been taken seriously
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Interested in why this story is false? Ask Lee Hamilton, Vice Chairman of the 9/11 Commission Ask Lee Hamilton, Vice Chairman of the 9/11 Commission In this room on March 27 thIn this room on March 27 th Ask your government representatives or your local media Ask your government representatives or your local media Visit www.st911.org and sign petition Visit www.st911.org and sign petitionwww.st911.org
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Now which one weighs more? Afghanistan War and Iraq War 20,000 Americans killed or wounded 30,000 civilians killed, how many wounded? Torture Skyrocketing national debt Loss of rights and Constitution threatened Lost opportunity to pursue real problems The NIST WTC Report
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The OCT part II – Collapse of the WTC buildings Three “investigations” ASCE - led by Gene Corley ASCE - led by Gene Corley No access to samples or blueprintsNo access to samples or blueprints Not allowed to solicit help from publicNot allowed to solicit help from public FEMA - report released May 2002 FEMA - report released May 2002 Some good information, but no answersSome good information, but no answers (e.g. 4,000 gallons of jet fuel gone in 5 minutes) (e.g. 4,000 gallons of jet fuel gone in 5 minutes) NIST - report released September 2005 NIST - report released September 2005 8 media/public meetings – info trickled out8 media/public meetings – info trickled out 10,000 pages, 42 companion reports10,000 pages, 42 companion reports $20 million$20 million WTC7 not includedWTC7 not included
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Important preliminary considerations No tall steel-frame buildings have ever collapsed from fire, but on 9/11, we’re told there were threeNo tall steel-frame buildings have ever collapsed from fire, but on 9/11, we’re told there were three Steel evidence destroyed despite outraged cries from public and fire expertsSteel evidence destroyed despite outraged cries from public and fire experts Like the 911CR, a full investigation was not considered until 9/11 families demanded itLike the 911CR, a full investigation was not considered until 9/11 families demanded it Apparent conflicts of interest on NIST TeamApparent conflicts of interest on NIST Team Charles Thornton – Tomasetti’s partner Charles Thornton – Tomasetti’s partner SOM – Larry Silverstein insisted they design the new WTC7 building and Freedom Tower SOM – Larry Silverstein insisted they design the new WTC7 building and Freedom Tower Most, if not all, contractors involved depended on good government relations Most, if not all, contractors involved depended on good government relations
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Important preliminary considerations January 2002 January 2002 Bill Manning, editor of Fire Engineering magazine, said the “official investigation…is a half-baked farce that may already have been commandeered by political forces whose primary interests, to put it mildly, lie far afield of full disclosure.”Bill Manning, editor of Fire Engineering magazine, said the “official investigation…is a half-baked farce that may already have been commandeered by political forces whose primary interests, to put it mildly, lie far afield of full disclosure.” Dick Cheney called Senate leader Tom Daschle and asked him to “limit the scope and overall review of what happened [on 9/11]”, claiming resources would be pulled from the War on Terrorism. President Bush met with Daschle privately and asked him to limit the investigation.Dick Cheney called Senate leader Tom Daschle and asked him to “limit the scope and overall review of what happened [on 9/11]”, claiming resources would be pulled from the War on Terrorism. President Bush met with Daschle privately and asked him to limit the investigation.
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The NIST’s WTC team Started with pre-determined conclusions Started with pre-determined conclusions Shankar Nair -- "Already there is near-consensus as to the sequence of events that led to the collapse of the World Trade Center.”-- Chicago Tribune September 19, 2001Shankar Nair -- "Already there is near-consensus as to the sequence of events that led to the collapse of the World Trade Center.”-- Chicago Tribune September 19, 2001 Charles Thornton -- "Karl, we all know what caused the collapse." -- talking to Karl Koch shortly after the attacks.Charles Thornton -- "Karl, we all know what caused the collapse." -- talking to Karl Koch shortly after the attacks. And worked toward “leading hypotheses” And worked toward “leading hypotheses”
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Progression of theories supporting fire-based failure Towering Inferno Towering Inferno Nuclear meltdown temperatures, everything meltedNuclear meltdown temperatures, everything melted Column failure Column failure Columns buckled outwardColumns buckled outward Pancake Theory Pancake Theory Floors collapsed like records on a spindleFloors collapsed like records on a spindle NIST’s new theory NIST’s new theory Sagging floors pulled exterior columns inwardSagging floors pulled exterior columns inward (column failure)
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Early theories – Towering Inferno Melting steel ? Melting steel ? Henry Koffman, USC –”The bottom line, in my opinion, is that the intense heat from the jet fuel fires melted the steel infrastructure.”Henry Koffman, USC –”The bottom line, in my opinion, is that the intense heat from the jet fuel fires melted the steel infrastructure.” Hyman Brown of Colorado -- ”Steel melts, and 24,000 gallons of aviation fluid melted the steel. Nothing is designed or will be designed to withstand that fire.''Hyman Brown of Colorado -- ”Steel melts, and 24,000 gallons of aviation fluid melted the steel. Nothing is designed or will be designed to withstand that fire.'' James Glanz of NY Times – the steel turned to “licorice”James Glanz of NY Times – the steel turned to “licorice” Chris Wise, “structural engineer”, as reported by BBC – “the columns would have melted, the floors would have melted..”Chris Wise, “structural engineer”, as reported by BBC – “the columns would have melted, the floors would have melted..”
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Early theories – Towering Inferno Exaggeration of fires, temperatures and column damage Exaggeration of fires, temperatures and column damage Eduardo Kausel, in 2001 Scientific American article – “No building has or will resist this kind of fire.”Eduardo Kausel, in 2001 Scientific American article – “No building has or will resist this kind of fire.” 2002 A&E / History Channel video “Anatomy of September 11 th ” reported temperatures of 2500 F2002 A&E / History Channel video “Anatomy of September 11 th ” reported temperatures of 2500 F 2002 NOVA video “How the Towers Fell” said two-thirds of WTC1 columns severed, and temperatures at 2000 F2002 NOVA video “How the Towers Fell” said two-thirds of WTC1 columns severed, and temperatures at 2000 F US News and World Report – “weakened by the nearly 2000 degree heat, the remaining columns buckle.”US News and World Report – “weakened by the nearly 2000 degree heat, the remaining columns buckle.” But later, NIST tests indicated much lower steel temperatures (500 F) But later, NIST tests indicated much lower steel temperatures (500 F)
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Where’s the fire? Windsor building, Madrid, February 2005 Twin towers shortly after WTC2 hit
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Who would design a building for plane crashes but forget the jet fuel fires? Eduardo Kausel of MIT – The WTC buildings were designed to withstand Boeing 707 impacts but were “never designed for the massive explosions nor the intense jet fuel fires that came next – a key design omission.”Eduardo Kausel of MIT – The WTC buildings were designed to withstand Boeing 707 impacts but were “never designed for the massive explosions nor the intense jet fuel fires that came next – a key design omission.” Loring Knoblauch, CEO of UL agreed, writing to me – the jet fuel fires were not “reasonably foreseeable.”Loring Knoblauch, CEO of UL agreed, writing to me – the jet fuel fires were not “reasonably foreseeable.” But would real structural engineers do this?But would real structural engineers do this?
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Not this guy. John Skilling, the engineer responsible for designing the WTC towers, had this to say in 1993 when asked if he considered plane crashes in his design. “Our analysis indicated the biggest problem would be the fact that all the fuel would dump into the building. [But] the building structure would still be there.”
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Early theories – Pancake Theory Karl Koch -- “I could see it in my mind’s eye: The fire burned until the steel was weakened and the floors above collapsed, starting a chain reaction of gravity, floor falling upon floor upon floor, clunk – clunk – clunk, the load gaining weight and momentum by the nanosecond, unstoppable. Once enough floors collapsed, the exterior walls and the core columns were no longer laterally supported and folded in.”Karl Koch -- “I could see it in my mind’s eye: The fire burned until the steel was weakened and the floors above collapsed, starting a chain reaction of gravity, floor falling upon floor upon floor, clunk – clunk – clunk, the load gaining weight and momentum by the nanosecond, unstoppable. Once enough floors collapsed, the exterior walls and the core columns were no longer laterally supported and folded in.” FEMA report – “a pancake-type of collapse of successive floors”FEMA report – “a pancake-type of collapse of successive floors”
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Pancake theory collapsed August 2004 floor model tests by Underwriters Laboratories August 2004 floor model tests by Underwriters Laboratories No floor collapse = no pancaking No floor collapse = no pancaking “The results established that this type of assembly was capable of sustaining a large gravity load, without collapsing, for a substantial period of time relative to the duration of the fires in any given location on September 11th.” NIST report
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Original design claims “The World Trade Center towers would have an inherent capacity to resist unforeseen calamities.” “The World Trade Center towers would have an inherent capacity to resist unforeseen calamities.” For the perimeter columns (83% of total columns), “live loads on these columns can be increased more than 2,000% before failure occurs.” For the perimeter columns (83% of total columns), “live loads on these columns can be increased more than 2,000% before failure occurs.” One “could cut away all the first story columns on one side of the building, and partway from the corners of the perpendicular sides, and the building could still withstand design live loads and a 100 mph wind from any direction.” One “could cut away all the first story columns on one side of the building, and partway from the corners of the perpendicular sides, and the building could still withstand design live loads and a 100 mph wind from any direction.” All quotes from Engineering News-Record, 1964
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NIST’s explanation of Why and How the WTC towers collapsed 1. The aircraft severed “a number of columns” 2. Loads were redistributed (from -20% to +25%) 3. Insulation (fireproofing) was damaged 4. Some floors began to sag 5. Sagging floors pulled exterior columns inward causing them to buckle 6. Instability spread around entire building 7. “Global collapse ensued”
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1. How many columns were severed? NIST now admits only a small percentage of columns were severed NIST now admits only a small percentage of columns were severed 14% in WTC114% in WTC1 15% in WTC215% in WTC2 But since one “could cut away all the first story columns on one side of the building, and partway from the corners of the perpendicular sides, and the building could still withstand design live loads and a 100 mph wind from any direction”, we know the buildings could withstand > 25% column loss without a problem. But since one “could cut away all the first story columns on one side of the building, and partway from the corners of the perpendicular sides, and the building could still withstand design live loads and a 100 mph wind from any direction”, we know the buildings could withstand > 25% column loss without a problem.
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2. How much load was re-distributed? NIST says loads on some columns were decreased (as much as 20%) and on others loads were increased (up to 25%). NIST says loads on some columns were decreased (as much as 20%) and on others loads were increased (up to 25%). But again, since the original design claims were that, “live loads on these [perimeter] columns can be increased more than 2,000% before failure occurs”, these columns should have supported the extra load and much, much more. But again, since the original design claims were that, “live loads on these [perimeter] columns can be increased more than 2,000% before failure occurs”, these columns should have supported the extra load and much, much more.
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3. Insulation (fireproofing) damaged? NIST reports “The towers would not have collapsed under the combined effects of aircraft impact and the subsequent multi-floor fires if the insulation had not been widely dislodged or had been only minimally dislodged by aircraft impact.” NIST reports “The towers would not have collapsed under the combined effects of aircraft impact and the subsequent multi-floor fires if the insulation had not been widely dislodged or had been only minimally dislodged by aircraft impact.” NIST then goes on to say “dislodgement of thermal insulation from structural members could have occurred.” NIST then goes on to say “dislodgement of thermal insulation from structural members could have occurred.”
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3. Was the insulation (fireproofing) “widely dislodged”? How? How? NIST devotes one sentence to the testing that was done to prove insulation loss, saying “an array of 0.3 inch diameter pellets moving at 350 mph” was able to strip insulation from some truss bars.NIST devotes one sentence to the testing that was done to prove insulation loss, saying “an array of 0.3 inch diameter pellets moving at 350 mph” was able to strip insulation from some truss bars. Forget the floors, what about the columns?Forget the floors, what about the columns?
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3. Was the insulation (fireproofing) “widely dislodged”? Exactly how did a Boeing 767 transform into an array of 0.3 inch pellets that could widely dislodge so much fireproofing from so many steel columns? Exactly how did a Boeing 767 transform into an array of 0.3 inch pellets that could widely dislodge so much fireproofing from so many steel columns? NIST estimates accelerations required to dislodge insulation would be 20 to 730 g, and that the aircraft impacted at about 100 g. NIST estimates accelerations required to dislodge insulation would be 20 to 730 g, and that the aircraft impacted at about 100 g. What were the forces involved, and how did these change as the debris scattered? How about angles of impact? What were the forces involved, and how did these change as the debris scattered? How about angles of impact?
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4. Some floors began to sag? Only very slight sagging is visible in NIST photos from UL tests (and no collapse) Only very slight sagging is visible in NIST photos from UL tests (and no collapse) How does sagging so dramatically change the force applied to columns at floor connections?How does sagging so dramatically change the force applied to columns at floor connections? NIST says shear force was 14,000 psi in some places, but the heat-treated perimeter columns were rated at 100,000 psi and the welded plate connections were rated at 90,000 psiNIST says shear force was 14,000 psi in some places, but the heat-treated perimeter columns were rated at 100,000 psi and the welded plate connections were rated at 90,000 psi
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5. Sagging floors pulled exterior columns inward causing them to buckle? Some experts have pointed out that “the core columns cannot pull the exterior columns in via the floor.” (Lane and Lamont, 2005) Some experts have pointed out that “the core columns cannot pull the exterior columns in via the floor.” (Lane and Lamont, 2005) How many columns buckled at first? Was it more than the difference between the 15% from aircraft impact and >25% that design claims said would not be a problem? (i.e. was it more than another 30 exterior columns?) How many columns buckled at first? Was it more than the difference between the 15% from aircraft impact and >25% that design claims said would not be a problem? (i.e. was it more than another 30 exterior columns?) How did this happen? How did this happen?
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Extreme steel temperatures would be required to cause buckling Steel temperatures (not air temperatures) Steel temperatures (not air temperatures) The temperature of protected steel, even in a testing furnace brought and held aboveThe temperature of protected steel, even in a testing furnace brought and held above 1000 C, requires two hours to reach 600 C* ( remember WTC2 collapsed in 56 minutes ) NIST’s test of paint deformation -- only 3 of 170 samples showed steel temps above 250 C (500 F), despite pre-collapse exposure to fire. A second, microstructure test indicated no temperatures “above 600 C”.NIST’s test of paint deformation -- only 3 of 170 samples showed steel temps above 250 C (500 F), despite pre-collapse exposure to fire. A second, microstructure test indicated no temperatures “above 600 C”. *Structural Fire Protection, T.T. Lie editor, ASCE manuals and Reports on Eng. Practice, No. 78
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Extreme steel temperatures would be required to cause buckling People in the impact zones were clearly not experiencing high temperatures, and some escaped unharmedPeople in the impact zones were clearly not experiencing high temperatures, and some escaped unharmed Firefighters worked in impact zones right until moment of collapseFirefighters worked in impact zones right until moment of collapse
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How hot could the steel have become? NIST now says 4,500 gallons of jet fuel were available to feed fires. This would provide 590,000 MJ of energy. NIST now says 4,500 gallons of jet fuel were available to feed fires. This would provide 590,000 MJ of energy. Typical office furnishings in the impact zone would provide 490,000 MJ of energy. Typical office furnishings in the impact zone would provide 490,000 MJ of energy. Using masses and specific heats for materials heated, a maximum temperature in the impact zone can be calculated. Using masses and specific heats for materials heated, a maximum temperature in the impact zone can be calculated. This is 310 degrees C (or 590 degrees F) This is 310 degrees C (or 590 degrees F) Assuming fuel burnt with perfect efficiency, that no hot gases left the impact zone, that no heat escaped by conduction, and that the steel and concrete had an unlimited amount of time to absorb all the heat.Assuming fuel burnt with perfect efficiency, that no hot gases left the impact zone, that no heat escaped by conduction, and that the steel and concrete had an unlimited amount of time to absorb all the heat.
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Steel temperatures Discussed
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Was the steel tested for fire resistance? NIST said they found no documents, either for steel tests or for Skilling’s jet fuel analysis NIST said they found no documents, either for steel tests or for Skilling’s jet fuel analysis Underwriters Laboratories’ CEO told me UL had tested the steel to NYC code (3 hours for columns) Underwriters Laboratories’ CEO told me UL had tested the steel to NYC code (3 hours for columns) Now UL says there is “no evidence” Now UL says there is “no evidence” IUSB student investigation IUSB student investigation Port Authority says no records existPort Authority says no records exist Records came up “missing” from Chamber of Commerce in New YorkRecords came up “missing” from Chamber of Commerce in New York
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ASTM E119 Time-temperature curve
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What did UL say about testing the WTC steel? “We tested the steel with all the required fireproofing on, and it did beautifully.” “We tested the steel with all the required fireproofing on, and it did beautifully.” “As we do not do follow-up service on this kind of product, we can give an opinion only on the test sample which was indeed properly coated.” “As we do not do follow-up service on this kind of product, we can give an opinion only on the test sample which was indeed properly coated.” “We test to the code requirements, and the steel clearly met [the NYC code] requirements and exceeded them.” “We test to the code requirements, and the steel clearly met [the NYC code] requirements and exceeded them.” NYC code required 3 hour fire resistance for columns NYC code required 3 hour fire resistance for columns Now UL says there is “no evidence” that anyone tested the steel Now UL says there is “no evidence” that anyone tested the steel
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Me and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) September 2001 September 2001 Loring Knoblauch, UL’s CEO, told staff that UL had certified the steel used in the WTCLoring Knoblauch, UL’s CEO, told staff that UL had certified the steel used in the WTC November 2003 November 2003 I asked Knoblauch in writing about UL’s involvement, and he responded in December confirming details.I asked Knoblauch in writing about UL’s involvement, and he responded in December confirming details. August 2004 August 2004 UL performed tests of WTC floor modelsUL performed tests of WTC floor models Loring Knoblauch resigned suddenlyLoring Knoblauch resigned suddenly October 2004 – NIST report update October 2004 – NIST report update November 2004 November 2004 I sent NIST’s Frank Gayle a message asking for clarificationI sent NIST’s Frank Gayle a message asking for clarification
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Review To believe the story so far, we need a Boeing 767 to transform into an array of 0.3 inch diameter pellets, that then widely dislodge the fireproofing from at least 30 columns (without any test results to support either contention). To believe the story so far, we need a Boeing 767 to transform into an array of 0.3 inch diameter pellets, that then widely dislodge the fireproofing from at least 30 columns (without any test results to support either contention). We then need these same columns to be heated more than a thousand degrees (F) above what test results show were present. We then need these same columns to be heated more than a thousand degrees (F) above what test results show were present. Then, matching up precisely with some sagging floors, these columns must all buckle inward at once (in an unknown way). Then, matching up precisely with some sagging floors, these columns must all buckle inward at once (in an unknown way).
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6. Instability spread around entire building perimeter ? In North Tower, transmission antenna fell first In North Tower, transmission antenna fell first Buildings fell at nearly free-fall speed. How quickly would instability have to spread first? How much of the ~10 sec fall time could be spared? Buildings fell at nearly free-fall speed. How quickly would instability have to spread first? How much of the ~10 sec fall time could be spared? Perimeter of building was 832 feet. If complete in 0.5 seconds, speed of “instability spread” would have been >1100 mph (Mach 1.5) Perimeter of building was 832 feet. If complete in 0.5 seconds, speed of “instability spread” would have been >1100 mph (Mach 1.5) “A steel structure, generally speaking, does not collapse suddenly when attacked by fire. There are unmistakable warning signs, namely, large deformations.” “A steel structure, generally speaking, does not collapse suddenly when attacked by fire. There are unmistakable warning signs, namely, large deformations.” Hart, Multi-Storey Buildings in Steel, Halsted Press
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7. “Global collapse ensued?” How did the top of the South Tower turn to dust in mid-air? How did the top of the South Tower turn to dust in mid-air? What about resistance of floors below? If these floors each caused hesitation of only half a second, an extra 40 seconds would be needed. What about resistance of floors below? If these floors each caused hesitation of only half a second, an extra 40 seconds would be needed. What about the observed squibs? What about the observed squibs? What about the large pools of molten metal observed in the basement areas of both Towers and WTC 7? What about the large pools of molten metal observed in the basement areas of both Towers and WTC 7? Note: Questions from SF911T Professors of Engineering and Physics
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How could any of this happen? … only in a computer model The parameters NIST originally considered “realistic” were discarded because computer results “did not compare to observed events.” The parameters NIST originally considered “realistic” were discarded because computer results “did not compare to observed events.” “More severe” parameters were substituted until animations gave the desired result “More severe” parameters were substituted until animations gave the desired result NIST will not release 6,899 photographs and 6,977 segments of real video footage NIST will not release 6,899 photographs and 6,977 segments of real video footage
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NIST’s computer simulated “animations” Does your future depend on these cartoons?
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The OCT per the NIST WTC report is false because… They did not explain, by any stretch of the imagination, why and how the Twin Towers (or WTC 7) collapsed They did not explain, by any stretch of the imagination, why and how the Twin Towers (or WTC 7) collapsed They omitted or distorted many important facts They omitted or distorted many important facts Original design claimsOriginal design claims John Skilling’s analysis of the firesJohn Skilling’s analysis of the fires Resistance from floorsResistance from floors WTC 1 antenna moving firstWTC 1 antenna moving first Pools of molten metal lingering for weeksPools of molten metal lingering for weeks Results of physical testsResults of physical tests Larry Silverstein’s admission of demolitionLarry Silverstein’s admission of demolition
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Pop Quiz: What should scientists do when reality “does not compare to observed events?” A. Ignore results of all physical tests and calculations? B. Cling to an argument that depends on a string of vanishingly small probabilities? C. Make animations to support pre-determined conclusions? D. Or reconsider the observations?
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Scholars call for examination of the demolition hypothesis Demolition squibs seen ejected from floors far from impact zone Demolition squibs seen ejected from floors far from impact zone Upper floors turned to powder in mid-air Upper floors turned to powder in mid-air Molten metal found under rubble piles of all three buildings for weeks Molten metal found under rubble piles of all three buildings for weeks Site cleaned up by “Controlled Demolition, Inc.” Site cleaned up by “Controlled Demolition, Inc.” Many reports of explosions and flashes of light Many reports of explosions and flashes of light
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The towers and WTC 7 all exhibited the characteristics of controlled demolition Sudden onset Sudden onset Straight down Straight down Almost free-fall speed Almost free-fall speed Total collapse Total collapse Sliced steel Sliced steel Pulverization of concrete Pulverization of concrete Dust clouds Dust clouds Horizontal ejections (squibs) Horizontal ejections (squibs) Demolition rings Demolition rings Sounds of explosions Sounds of explosions Pools of molten steel Pools of molten steel
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Reports of explosions Paramedic Daniel Rivera – “[Did] you ever see professional demolition where they set the charges on certain floors and then you hear ‘Pop, pop, pop, pop, pop?’…I thought it was that.” Paramedic Daniel Rivera – “[Did] you ever see professional demolition where they set the charges on certain floors and then you hear ‘Pop, pop, pop, pop, pop?’…I thought it was that.” Witness Timothy Burke – “the building popped, lower than the fire…I was going oh, my God, there is a secondary device because the way the building popped. I thought it was an explosion.” Witness Timothy Burke – “the building popped, lower than the fire…I was going oh, my God, there is a secondary device because the way the building popped. I thought it was an explosion.” Firefighter Edward Cachia – “It actually gave at a lower floor, not the floor where the plane hit. We originally thought there was like an internal detonation, explosives…” Firefighter Edward Cachia – “It actually gave at a lower floor, not the floor where the plane hit. We originally thought there was like an internal detonation, explosives…” Assistant Commissioner Stephen Gregory -- “I thought…that I saw low-level flashes…[at] the lower level of the building. You know like when they demolish a building?” Assistant Commissioner Stephen Gregory -- “I thought…that I saw low-level flashes…[at] the lower level of the building. You know like when they demolish a building?”
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Reports of explosives Firefighter Richard Banaciski – “It seemed like on television [when] they blow up these buildings. It seemed like it was going all around like a belt, all these explosions.” Firefighter Richard Banaciski – “It seemed like on television [when] they blow up these buildings. It seemed like it was going all around like a belt, all these explosions.” Deputy Commissioner Thomas Fitzpatrick – “My initial reaction was that this was exactly the way it looks when they show you those implosions on TV.” Deputy Commissioner Thomas Fitzpatrick – “My initial reaction was that this was exactly the way it looks when they show you those implosions on TV.” Battalion Chief Brian Dixon – “the lowest floor of the fire in the south tower actually looked like someone had planted explosives all around it because…everything blew out on the one floor.” Battalion Chief Brian Dixon – “the lowest floor of the fire in the south tower actually looked like someone had planted explosives all around it because…everything blew out on the one floor.” Firefighter Kenneth Rogers – “there was an explosion in the south tower…I kept watching. Floor after floor after floor. [It] looked like a synchronized deliberate kind of thing.” Firefighter Kenneth Rogers – “there was an explosion in the south tower…I kept watching. Floor after floor after floor. [It] looked like a synchronized deliberate kind of thing.”
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WTC 7 Would have been tallest building in 33 states (Indiana has one slightly taller at 49 stories) Would have been tallest building in 33 states (Indiana has one slightly taller at 49 stories) Collapsed in 6.6 seconds Collapsed in 6.6 seconds Larry Silverstein, leaseholder for all three buildings –- “I said…maybe the smartest thing to do is pull it. And [the fire department commander] made that decision to pull and we watched the building collapse.” PBS, 2002 Larry Silverstein, leaseholder for all three buildings –- “I said…maybe the smartest thing to do is pull it. And [the fire department commander] made that decision to pull and we watched the building collapse.” PBS, 2002
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It takes weeks to plan and implement a controlled demolition
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It’s not too late We can end these wars and take back our country We can end these wars and take back our country We just need to accept the fact that the Official Conspiracy Theory is false and demand real answers We just need to accept the fact that the Official Conspiracy Theory is false and demand real answers But we need your help But we need your help
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