1. Setting up and maintaining a healthy aquarium
Aquarium Lab
Setting up and maintaining a healthy aquarium

2. Safety Electricution!!!!!!!!! Need Drip Loops on plugs
Glass aquariums can break
Slipping on water on the floor
Cleanliness

3. Cleaning Siphon out the water and remove contents
Do not use chemicals to clean in or outside-residues can remain in scratches (NO windex near tanks!)
Rinse anything you clean and soak in water to avoid tank contamination
Maintaining Cleanliness
Don’t overfeed your fish!
Make a 25% water change once a month
Vacuum gravel periodically

4. Tank Set-up Situate tank where it will stay before adding anything!
Add in gravel, water, decor, then fish
Use natural or aquarium decor- simulate habitat
ALWAYS add water conditioner to remove chlorine & chloramine from tap water

5. Light Natural lighting is best for fish
Florescent/UV lights are also acceptable
Black lights can be harmful

6. Hood/Cover Aquariums must be covered so that fish don’t leap out
A hood can also house the lighting
Be careful not to get light in the water….electricution!!!

7. Air Aquatic organisms breathe dissolved oxygen
Air must be pumped in with a compressor or can be put in with a powered filter
Air stones increase surface area of bubbles & O2 content

8. Temperature Most fish can live at a range of 72-80 F (22-27 C)
An aquarium heater can be placed in tanks that need higher temperatures (tropicals)

9. 3 types of Filtration Biological filtration
Created by bacteria in gravel and on fish
Beneficial bacteria breaks down waste products in the nitrogen cycle
Fish food (protein N) Ammonia/ fish waste (NH3)Nitrite (NO2)Nitrate (NO3)H20 change
Use an under gravel filter to facilitate bacterial growth

10. Filtration Mechanical filtration
Removes accumulated solids (mulm) from aquarium
Usually accomplished with mesh in an electric pump
Can also be manually removed with a gravel vacuum

11. Filtration Chemical filtration
Purifies water using activated carbon-dissolved impurities are absorbed by holes in carbon
Activated carbon must be replaced
Minimize use of chemical/medicines to rid tank of problems

12. Water tests pH Measures acidity or alkalinity of water RangeSW
A buffer can be added in to maintain a pH or make a 25% water change
If pH is too high/basic – lower pH
Peat moss
pH decreasing chemical from pet store
If pH is too low/acidic – increase pH
Baking soda: has bicarbonate ions which is a base

13. Water tests AmmoniaNitriteNitrate-
Released from gills of fish and decaying wastes
Range should be 0 ppm
Change 25% of water or replace carbon to lower level

14. Conditioning period
A conditioning (waiting) period of 1 week should be allowed for new tank without a natural bacteria population established
Seed with old gravel

15. Saltwater Saltwater can be obtained from the ocean or from a salt mix
Concentration:
32 ppt
Specific gravity =
½ cup marine salt / gallon
Freshwater- add 1 tsp / 5 gallons for health

16. Water level Add water to within 1’’ of top
Water must be added every so often due to evaporation
Don’t forget water conditioner!

17. Aquatic Organisms

18. How to buy
Find a reputable fish dealer and establish a buyer relationship
Never buy from a tank with dead or sick-looking fish
Be sure to ask questions- these guys are experts!

19. How many? General rule- 1 inch of fish/gallon 1- 30 inch fish
Ex. A 30 gal tank can have:
1- 30 inch fish
2-15 inch fish
3-10 inch fish
30-1 inch fish

20. What to get? Helpful Websites
Freshwater:
Plecostamus (sucker fish)
Tetra
Platties
Guppies
Mollies
Beta
Gouramis
Danios
Tiger Barbs
Bala & Red Tail Sharks
Catfish
Angel fish
NO CICHLIDS!!!!
Saltwater:
Damsels
Tangs
Wrasse
Puffers (brackish-low salt)
Snow Flake Eels
Crab
Shrimp
Try to utilize all the areas in your tank by adding fish that live in different parts of the water column
Ex. a bottom feeder (scavenger), a mid-water swimmer, a top feeder
Helpful Websites  

21. How to add? Dumping fish in your tank from a bag can shock them
Float the bag for minutes to gradually adjust the temperature
Then, pour out half of the water in the bag and add in water from your tank
After more minutes the fish should be acclimated to your tank
Also, feed the resident organisms in the tank as you are releasing new fish from a bag, to keep them preoccupied
This allows the new fish to enter gently, without being harassed by current resident “bullies”

22. How much to feed?
Feed fish only what they will consume in 5 minutes, twice a day (once for us)-cover food!
Remove excess food, so as not to pollute the tank
One day of fasting is recommended (feed 6 out of 7 days)

23. Sickness Signs Clamped fins, fins held close to the body Frayed fins
Bloating
Enlargement of the eyes
Erratic swimming and shimmying
Drifting close to the bottom or gasping for air at surface
Scraping themselves on plants or filters
Loss of appetite
White spots on fins or body
Parasites on body
Cottonlike patches on fins or body
Fish that are normally active remaining still
If an organism appears sick, it should be removed from the tank so as not to contaminate the rest of the organisms
A separate “hospital” tank can be set up to help or medicate a fish

24. Plants?
Just like land plants, aquatic plant need natural light to survive, as well as minerals from a substrate
Aquatic plants are often hard to maintain without adequate lighting and can deteriorate in your tank
My advice……. Go plastic!

25. Substrates Fill tank ¼ inch Coral gravel Flourite Sand
Crushed coral; porous
Easy to clean
Inexpensive
Bacteria growth
Flourite
Enhanced with nutrients to sustain plants
Sand

26. Set Up Day 1
*Safety!!!!*
Pull out all décor clean/rinse, and put on table
Wash and rinse out the empty aquarium. Do not allow any gravel to go down the drain!
Wipe off the lid. Plug it in and make sure the light works.
Wash the filter. Remove as much algae as possible.
Wash any gravel you want to use thoroughly before you put it in your aquarium. Do not allow any gravel to go down the drain!
Put the gravel in the aquarium.
Fill the aquarium with water.
Attach the filter to the side of the aquarium. Prime it (put water in it). Plug it in to see if it works.
Wash and rinse any and all toys you plan on putting in your aquarium.
Place them in the aquarium. Remember, fish like “structure” so that they can hide and play!
Get an air compressor, hose and air stone from me. Use only hose to allow you to put the air stone on the bottom where you want it. Plug in the air compressor.
Put the lid on your aquarium and allow to set up.
If you have a marine aquarium, calculate how much salt you’ll need and get your calculations checked by me before adding salt to the tank, then be sure and check the level daily. Use a hydrometer to measure the salt levels. The recommended specific gravity is to

27. Day 2 Drain 50% Refill Add water conditioner
Marine aquariums add live rock

28. How to Reseal a Tank
Empty the aquarium of water and dry it completely with absorbent paper towels. Set the aquarium on a table or flat surface where you can easily reach into and around it.
Scrape away the old silicone from inside the corners and bottom of the tank using a razor blade or utility knife. Be careful not to scratch the glass. Dispose of the old silicone when you are finished.

29. How to Reseal a Tank
Wipe down the surfaces of the tank with rubbing alcohol and a paper towel or cotton swap. Pay particular attention to the corners of the tank and feel for any bits of silicone that you may have missed. Scrape away any leftover silicone with a razor blade and clean the tank thoroughly with the alcohol, then let it dry.

30. How to Reseal a Tank
Fill a small container with rubbing alcohol and place it inside the tank. Coat your fingers with the alcohol before spreading the silicone so it does not stick to your fingers.
Cut the tip off the silicone tube with your razor blade or utility knife and apply a generous bead of silicone all the way down one edge of the tank. Quickly dip your fingers into the rubbing alcohol then use them to spread the silicone into the cracks and corners and to smooth away any air bubbles. Wipe your fingers on a paper towel before moving on.

31. How to Reseal a Tank
Finish the other sides of the aquarium in the same manner by applying the silicone and spreading it with your fingers. Pay extra attention to the corners, being sure to press the silicone as far into the corners of the tank as possible to prevent leaks.
Allow the silicone to dry for 24 hours then examine the tank. If you see any areas where the silicone is layered too thin add another coat and allow it to dry for another 24 hours.

32. How to Reseal a Tank
Allow the silicone to cure for a full 48 hours before going back and cleaning up your work. Scrape away any spills with rubbing alcohol and a razor blade.
Rinse the tank well to remove any traces of rubbing alcohol then fill it to test it for water tightness. If the tank does not leak after being full for 24 hours it is considered safe to use.

33. Tips and Warnings
To get silicone off your hands, coat them with mineral spirits or rubbing alcohol and wipe them with paper towels. After you have removed the silicone, wash your hands normally with soap and water.
Execute all tasks in a well-ventilated area to prevent the inhalation of fumes from the rubbing alcohol. Wear protective eye wear.
Only 100 percent rubber silicone sealant or aquarium sealant is recommended for use on your tank. Other types of silicone sealant may contain ingredients that could be harmful to your fish.