1. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. UNDERSTANDING COUNSELLING & QUALITY OF A COUNSELLOR March 9, 2006

2. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Understanding Counselling GUIDING PRINCIPLES Individualization Purposeful expression of Feelings Controlled emotional involvement Acceptance A nonjudgmental attitude Client self-determination Confidentiality

3. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Individualization Recognition and understanding of each client’s unique qualities. Use of deferent principles and method – case by case Human beings are individuals and should be treated as such, each with personal differences

4. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Purposeful Expression of Feelings Recognition of clients need to express feelings freely Purposeful listening without discouraging or condemning expressed feeling Where beneficial – stimulate and encourage free expression of feelings.

5. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Controlled Emotional Involvement Sensitivity to client’s feelings An understanding of client's meaning Appropriate response to client’s feelings

6. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Acceptance The principle of action that perceives and deals with client as he really is. Includes Clients Strengths, Weaknesses Congenial and uncongenial qualities Positive and negative feelings Constructive and destructive behaviours and attitude Maintaining a sense of clients innate dignity and personal worth

7. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Nonjudgmental Attitude This is the quality of the relationship Based on a conviction that relationship excludes assigning of guilt or innocence or degree of responsibility and cause of problem Includes making evaluative judgments about attitudes, standards or action, attitude which involves both thought and feeling elements

8. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Client Self-Determination Recognizes the right and need of client to freedom in making their own choices and decision. Respect the right of client, stimulate and activate self-direction Recognize that clients right to self- determination is limited by Client’s capacity for positive and constructive decision making The framework of civil and moral law

9. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Confidentiality This is the preservation of secret information disclosed in in the professional relationship It is based upon basic right of the client It is an ethical obligation and necessary for effectiveness The clients right, however, is not absolute Clients secrets may be shared with other professionals within the agency – the obligation binds equally.

10. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. QUALITY OF A COUNSELLOR Have an awareness of self Tolerance Open mindedness A Good Listener Knowledge of drugs Knowledge of the profile of the drug user Knowledge of profile of the drug addict

11. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Motivational Strategies Ask open ended questions Apply reflective listening Offer realistic support Periodically summarize Eliciting self motivational statements

12. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Four stages in counselling When the client begins to recognize that there is a problem When concern is shown about the problem Shows indication to change Express confidence and optimism about change

13. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Family Counselling Counsellor needs to realize that the family is characterized by: Shame and denial Interpersonal Conflicts Adjustment problems Domestic violence Separation and divorce

14. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. Family Counselling Cont’d Counsellor should seek to move discussion away from abuser Discuss how the family enables the abuser Focus on interaction and functioning of the family as a whole. Discourage None reflective listening Ordering - Threatening- Blaming Directing- Arguing- Labeling Warning- Criticizing

15. Courtesy of National Council on Drug Abuse (NCDA) and Department of Correctional Services (DCS) Jamaica. Please do not reproduce without permission. GROUP COUNSELLING Provides a forum for practical interpersonal interaction Permits diffusion of dependence among group members Allows direct observation of interpersonal transaction Promotes mutual support Economical