2. Crime and Opportunity National Crime Prevention Association 2345 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22202 202-261-4153 FAX 202-296-1356 pharris@ncpc.org www.ncpc.org/ncpa

3. To provide participants basic training on the use of opportunity based crime prevention as a process for controlling and reducing crime in their home communities. Training Goal

4. 1)What group of people practices crime prevention on a daily basis more than any other group? How do they practice crime prevention? 2)Have you received any formal crime prevention training? 3)Have you been the victim of a crime within the past five years? Crime Prevention Questions

5. Police Training Did you learn to shoot this way? Why not?

6. Newhall Incident - April 6, 1970 FragoGorePenceAlleyn On April 5, 1970, the officer survival movement was born out of one of the darkest days in law enforcement’s history. In less than five minutes, two heavily armed and well- prepared criminals shot and killed four California Highway patrol officers.

7. Newhall Incident - April 6, 1970 After Officer Pence fired his sixth and last round, he reloaded just the way he was taught at the academy. He dumped the expended rounds into his hand and put them in his pants pocket, as he had done on the firing range, then reloaded 6 rounds into his revolver. This gave Twining enough time to flank Pence and put a bullet in the back of his head.

8. Michigan POST - Police Skills IV.B.1.12. Demonstrates and Understanding of Controlling Violent Confrontation as a Civilian. a.Demonstrates an understanding of strategies to avoid criminal attack and control violent confrontation (crime prevention tips). (1) avoids the confrontation; (2) evades or escapes the confrontation; or (3) controls the confrontation. Crime Prevention Users

9. What group of people uses crime prevention more than any other?

10. Crime Reporting and Crime Analysis

11. Why Analyze Crime Data? To help develop a better understanding of the nature of crime and disorder. To produce greater community safety and security. To evaluate the effectiveness of crime fighting programs. National Crime Trends crimes per 100,00 persons

12. Official Sources for Crime Data Uniform Crime Report - UCR Federal Bureau of Investigation National Crime Victimization Survey Bureau of Justice Statistics

13. Uniform Crime Report - FBI The UCR Program began in 1930. Began as and is still a voluntary program. Summary information about reported crime and arrests. In Virginia crime reporting is mandatory and is managed by the State Police.

14. Uniform Crime Report - VA

15. Property Crime Burglary Larceny Auto Theft Arson Violent Crime Murder Rape Robbery Assault Uniform Crime Reports Index or Part I Crimes

16. Data Analysis Process Step 1: Assess Overall Conditions Determines overall risk. Step 2: Draw Conclusions Understand what the data means. Step 3: Analyze the Problems Recognize trends and patterns. Step 4: Respond to the Problems Begins the process of developing solutions.

17. Type Location Month, Day & Time of Day Victims Victim Characteristics Offender Characteristics Circumstance Disposition Data Reveals Problems by...... Uniform Crime Reports

18. Calculating Crime Rates Crimes Divided by Population Multiplied by 100,000 Equals the Crime Rate

19. Uniform Crime Reporting Problems Data Collection Problems Public Housing Domestic Violence Schools Car Jacking Church Bombings

20. Uniform Crime Reporting Problems Weaknesses  Voluntary system in most states  Police control the reporting  Many crimes are not reported to the police  Summary based system lacking detail

21. National Crime Victimization Survey Collects information about reported and unreported crime. Collects more detail about each crime - injuries, time lost from work, protection measures used and much more. Provides another process for measuring crime.

22. National Crime Victimization Survey

24. Crime Trends Crime in the United States - FBI Crime in You State or Locality US and Virginia 1965 - 2007

25. National Crime Trends Crimes per 100,000 persons Property Total Crime Violent

27. Total Crime Trends crimes per 100,00 persons VA U.S.

28. Violent Crime Trends crimes per 100,00 persons U.S. VA

29. Property Crime Trends crimes per 100,00 persons U.S. VA

30. Murder Trends Murders per 100,00 persons U.S. VA

31. Rape Trends Rapes 100,00 persons U.S. VA

32. Robbery Trends Robberies per 100,00 persons U.S. VA

33. Aggravated Assault Trends Assaults per 100,00 persons U.S. VA

34. Burglary Trends Burglaries per 100,000 persons U.S. VA

35. Larceny Trends Larcenies per 100,000 persons U.S. VA

36. Auto Theft Trends Auto Thefts per 100,000 persons U.S. VA

37. Burglary Predictor Month - June 8.1% Burglary in Virginia 1975 - 1989 Red 1990 - 2005 Yellow

38. Robbery Predictor Month - June 7.3% Robbery in Virginia 1975 - 1989 Red 1990 - 2005 Yellow

39. Auto Theft Predictor Month Auto Theft in Virginia 1975 - 1989 Red 1990 - 2005 Yellow

40. Police Service Calls - Minneapolis 85/86 Calls By Place Calls Place

41. IBR Crime Reporting Incident Based Reporting - IBR Fully implemented in Virginia in 1999 (change began in 1986)

42. Benefits of IBR Reporting greater specificity in reporting more correlation between offenses, property, victims, offenders and arrestees expanded victim/offender relationships distinction between attempted and completed crimes increased reporting of various circumstances relative to specific crimes

43. Burglary Prevention Measures Virginia: 2002 - 2006 Total % of Total Prevention Measure Alarm 7,4795.1% Bars/Grate 4460.3% Camera 1,6861.1% Dog 7960.5% Dead Bolt 9,0826.2% Locked 47,111 32.0% Unlocked 9,4356.4% Lights 2,1861.5% Fence 1,0170.7% Neighborhood Watch 820.1% Other 1,3620.9% None 4,1649.6%

44. Other Sources for Crime Information School Reports Hospital Emergency Room Admissions Public Opinion Polls Insurance Industry: Auto Theft and Arson Special Interest Groups: Handgun Control - NRA Industry Groups: convenience stores, shopping malls Rumor and Gossip

45. Public Opinion - Gallup Poll MoreLess Same No Opinion 2005 67%21% 9% 3% 2004 53% 28% 14% 5% 2003 60%25% 11%4% 2002 62%21% 11%6% 2001 41%43% 10%6% 2000 47%41% 7%5% 1997 64%25% 6%5% 1993 87% 4% 5%4% 1989 84% 5% 5%5% Source: http://www.pollingreport.com/crime.htm Is there more crime in the U.S. than there was a year ago, or less?

46. Perceptions of Crime - Gallop Poll Is there more crime in the US than there was a year ago?

47. Insurance Industry - Auto Theft 1. 1995 Honda Civic 2. 1989 Toyota Camry 3. 1991 Honda Accord 4. 1994 Dodge Caravan 5. 1994 Chevrolet Full Size C/K 1500 Pickup 6. 1997 Ford F150 Series 7. 2003 Dodge Ram Pickup 8. 1990 Acura Integra 9. 1988 Toyota Pickup 10. 1991 Nissan Sentra National Insurance Crime Bureau 10 most common stolen autos in the U.S. - 2004

48. What are the Crime Rates for your community? Crime in Your Community

49. You’re at a community meeting to talk about a recent rash of crimes. A reporter with the local newspaper is there and asks you this question. What is the crime rate for the community? What is your response?

50. Describe a serious crime problem in your community? Where is it located? What types of crime take place there? What is the public's perception of the site? What are the negative impacts on the community? What can be done about it? Crime in Your Community

51. Crime and Opportunity

52. Bicycle Theft Trends - US Thefts Per 100,000 Persons

53. Bicycle Theft 50’s90’s

54. Bicycle Theft - Better Security

56. Burglary Trends Burglaries per 100,000 persons U.S. VA

57. Most burglaries were at night - the Cat Burglar. Burglary 1965 - 1975

58. Prior to the mid 60’s there was less home burglary because there was someone home during the day. More women going to work left homes and neighborhoods unattended and unprotected.

59. Burglary 1965 - 1975 Burglars didn't break into homes by entering through bathroom windows. Technology made it easier to take steal more things from the home. Most homes did not have good locks.

60. Gold – Price Per Ounce

61. Burglary 1981 The increase in gold prices in 1980 (up to $800 per ounce) caused silver prices to go up and thieves broke into homes all over the country to get the family silver.

62. Price of Silver Per Ounce Value Adjusted for Inflation 2008 Actual Value $55 $21 $15

63. Silver Value of $10,000 How many pounds would you need to steal in 2008 dollars? 32 lbs 63 lbs 125 lbs 21 lbs 16 lbs 13 lbs

64. Precious Metal Prices March 2008 January 2009 Platinum$2,273 /oz$988 / oz Gold$1,011 /oz$847 / oz Silver$20.92 /oz $11.22 / oz Copper$4.00 / lb$1.51 / lb

65. Total Crime Trends crimes per 100,00 persons VA U.S.

66. Business Crime Sunday was a day of rest. Elimination of Blue Laws increased business exposure to crime by 17%, open 6 days rather than 7.

67. Business Crime Businesses became more exposed to robbery, shoplifting and employee theft. New longer hours attracted more customers who exposed themselves to more crimes and left more homes unoccupied.

68. 24 / 7 Operation New development is abundant in Lower Manhattan, and buyers are counting on TriBeCa and the Financial District's ability to transition from a 9-to-5 neighborhood to a vibrant 24-hour one. August 2008

69. 24 / 7 Operation Wal-Marts Home Depot stores thousands of 7-Eleven’s stores American Family Fitness Centers What’s Open 24/7 in Your community?

70. Crimes Against Women Percent of Women Working 1940 - 25% 1950 - 34% 1960 - 38% 1970 - 43% 1980 - 52% 1990 - 58% 1998 - 60% 2004 - 59%

71. Crimes Against Women More women going to work left homes and neighborhoods unattended and unprotected. Women became more exposed to assault, robbery, larceny and auto theft. Murder is the leading cause of death for women in the workplace.

72. Auto Theft - US Thefts Per 100,000 Registered Vehicles

73. Auto Theft - US Arrests - Under Age 18

74. Auto Theft stolen auto 47 times more likely to be involved in an accident Federal Motor Vehicle Theft Standard No. 114 - 1968 steering wheel locks key buzzers

75. Larceny from Autos - US Rate Per 100,000 Persons

76. Larceny from Autos late 60’s - 8 tracks tape players were a hot consumer product and were very easy to steal. Mid 70’ - CB radios became an even hotter consumer product and just like 8 track tape players they were easy to steal.

77. late 60’s - 8 tracks tape players were a hot consumer product and were very easy to steal. William Lear created the eight track tape player in the early 60’. He also invented the first workable automobile radio in 1924. He signed over the rights to Motorola, (short for "motor victrola"). Larceny from Autos

78. Mid 70’ - CB radios Became an even hotter consumer product and just like 8 track tape players they were easy to steal. Larceny from Autos

79. Anti-Theft Code If the radio is removed from the vehicle or if the power is disconnected, a special code must be entered to enable operation of the set. Ask your Volvo retailer for the correct code. After three unsuccessful coding attempts the set will lock and remain locked for two hours.

80. Larceny from Autos What’s Hot Today? [Close Window] Baccarat Phang 24 X 9.5 in. Cost - $5,095 EACH

81. Larceny from Autos

82. Global Recycling Network Catalytic Converters Scrap Exchange Listings WANTED : LW801241 Catalytic Convertor Scrap Illinois and NW Indiana I am buying your catalytic convertors at top dollar between $10 - $320 each. We also buy scrap aluminum and copper Will pick up within 60 mile radius Cash paid. Located in Lynwood Illinois and Schererville Indiana.

83. Handgun Violence Prior to 1990, 68% of the handguns manufactured in this country were revolvers - typically six shots. Today over, 73% of the handguns manufactured are semi-automatic, from 12 to 19 shots.

84. Domestic Pistol & Revolver Production United States 1980 - 2005 Revolver FBI Murders Crack Source: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Pistol (Semi-auto)

85. Gun Issues - 1925 “The ideal tool for the protection of large estates, ranches, plantations, etc.”

86. Quemadmodum gladius neminem occidit, occidentis telum est. History of Crime Prevention “A sword never kills anybody; it is a tool in the killer's hand.” Seneca the Younger: Letters to Lucilius (first century Rome)