1. BTEC National Travel and Tourism
Unit 1 Investigating Travel and Tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

2. Unit 1 Learning Outcomes
Know the components of travel and tourism, and how they interrelate
Know the roles and responsibilities of travel and tourism organisations within the different sectors
Understand how recent developments have shaped the present day travel and tourism industry
Understand the trends and factors affecting the development of travel and tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

3. Icebreaker
Make a list of all the travel and tourism organisations that you can think of
Try and group them into similar categories, e.g. transport, attractions, accommodation, etc.
Think of ways in which some of the organisations work together
Have a go at coming up with your own definition of ‘travel and tourism’
Make a list of the reasons why people travel in this country and abroad
Write down who you think owns the travel and tourism organisations on your original list
Make a list of the jobs available in two of the organisations you have listed
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

4. What is ‘travel and tourism’?
'...the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes‘ (World Tourism Organisation)
‘Tourism is the temporary, short‑term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, and activities during their stay at these destinations; it includes movement for all purposes, as well as day visits or excursions’ (Tourism Society)
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

5. What is ‘travel and tourism’?
Both definitions clearly show that people we think of as tourists are:
Away from their normal place of residence (although they will be returning home)
On a visit that is temporary and short‑term
Engaged in activities which would normally be associated with travel and tourism
Not necessarily staying away from home overnight; they may be on a day‑trip or excursion
Not always away from home for holiday purposes; they could be on business or visiting friends and relatives (VFR), but would still qualify as tourists
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

6. Types of tourism There are three main types of tourism:
Domestic tourism: when people take holidays, short breaks and day trips in their own country, e.g. a family from Birmingham enjoying a two‑week holiday in a farm guesthouse in North Wales
Inbound/incoming tourism: when people enter a country from their own country of origin or another country which is not their home, e.g. Monsieur and Madame du Pont from Paris sampling the delights of Edinburgh as part of a driving tour of Scotland
Outbound tourism: when people travel away from the country where they normally live, e.g. the family from Birmingham deciding to give North Wales a miss this year and taking a week's holiday at Disneyland Paris instead
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

7. Textbook activity 1.1
Carry out a survey of the rest of your group to find out how many people took their last holiday abroad (outbound tourism) and what proportion stayed in the UK (domestic tourism). Draw a bar chart showing the results you collected. Ask the members of your group to tell you which components of the travel and tourism industry they used on their last holiday.
This activity is designed to provide evidence for P1
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

8. Why do people travel?
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

9. Leisure tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

10. Business tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

11. Textbook activity 1.2
Business tourism is often considered to be ‘high value’ tourism. Why do you think this is? Can you think of ways that travelling for business reasons has changed in recent years and what factors are likely to affect business travel in the future?
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

12. CD-ROM activity CD1.1
Investigates the different types of leisure tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

13. CD-ROM activity CD1.2
Investigates the different types of business tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

14. Components of travel and tourism
Accommodation
Transport
Attractions
Tour operations
Travel agents
Tourism development and promotion
Trade associations and regulatory bodies
Ancillary services
All of these components are provided by a large number of different businesses and public agencies working in tourism, which together make up the travel and tourism industry as shown in the following slide.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

15. Components of travel and tourism
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

16. Textbook activity 1.3
Working in a small team, carry out some research into which components of the travel and tourism industry are found in your local area. Use the diagram in Figure 1.4 (slide 13) as your starting point. Make a note of the names of the companies or organisations represented, their purpose and how they interrelate with other components of the travel and tourism industry, giving examples that include domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.
This activity is designed to provide evidence for P1, P2 and M1
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

17. Accommodation
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

18. Types of accommodation
Serviced – when a service is provided along with an overnight stay, e.g. hotels, guesthouses, youth hostels, B & Bs, etc.
Self-catering – when tourists cater for themselves, e.g. cottages, camping, holiday centres and villages, caravanning, second homes, etc.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

19. Accommodation grading schemes
Accommodation grading schemes are a way that tourist boards can classify accommodation according to the quality of facilities and standards of service on offer in a particular establishment. Customers use these schemes when selecting where to stay, with the expectation that their accommodation will be a fair reflection of the grade that it has been given.
In the UK, the national tourist boards have used different schemes in the past based on crowns, stars, keys and a variety of other symbols. There are also schemes on offer from the motoring organisations.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

20. Textbook activity 1.4
Carry out some research into the accommodation grading scheme used by your national tourist board and design an illustrated brochure for visitors that explains the different categories on offer.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

21. Transport
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

22. Types of transport Road – private car, coach, taxi, bus, bicycle
Rail – regional services, inter-city routes, high-speed services, steam trains
Sea – ferries, cruise ships, barges, yachts
Air – scheduled services, charter flights, ‘no frills’ carriers, air taxis
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

23. Road travel Most popular type of transport used by tourists in Britain
Dramatic growth in car ownership since the 1950s
Congestion and pollution are problems in urban and rural areas
Historic cities and National Parks have introduced traffic control measures, e.g. park-and-ride schemes, cycle hire, etc.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

24. Rail travel
Under-investment over many decades in Britain’s rail network
Government is now investing over £60 billion to develop a bigger, better and safer railway system
Network Rail maintains the infrastructure – track, signalling, bridges, tunnels, etc.
Train Operating Companies (TOCs) run the trains, ticketing, rail enquiries, etc.
Examples of TOCs include Virgin Trains, GNER, Arriva Trains, First Great Western, etc.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

25. Textbook activity 1.5
Produce a PowerPoint® presentation on one of the UK’s train operating companies (TOCs), giving details of its history, services, performance standards, fare structures and customer service arrangements. Describe how the company works with other components of the travel and tourism industry, formally and informally.
This activity is designed to provide evidence for P1 and P2
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

26. Sea travel
Sea travel in UK tourism is dominated by the ferry companies, which operate services between the UK and Ireland, Scandinavia and the near continent, e.g. France, Belgium and the Netherlands
There is fierce competition on the cross-Channel services between ferry companies and the Channel Tunnel
Cruising from UK ports is growing in popularity
1.2 million British people took a cruise in 2005
Major cruise companies include Cunard, Ocean Village, Thomson Cruises and P&O
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

27. Air travel
Rapid growth in international tourism over the last 50 years is closely linked to the growth in air travel
Deregulation of air travel has increased competition between airlines and helped to keep fares low on an expanding network of routes
Britain has a number of world-class airlines, e.g. British Airways, Virgin Atlantic Airways, easyJet, bmi, etc.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

28. Types of air travel services
Domestic – air travel within a country, e.g. a flight from Manchester to Stansted
International – flights between different countries, e.g. London Heathrow to New York
Scheduled – services that run to a published timetable (includes low-cost airlines)
Charter – services linked to package holidays, where tour operators contract with an airline for a specific route for a season, e.g. Newcastle to Alicante between Easter and the end of October
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

29. Textbook activity 1.6
Carry out some research on low-cost airlines to find out which companies fly from the following UK airports: Edinburgh, Cardiff, Birmingham, Stansted and Manchester. Choose one of the companies and find out more information on its route network, sample prices, additional services, fare structures, aircraft fleet, etc. Describe the interrelationships the airline has with other components of the travel and tourism industry, giving examples that include domestic, inbound and outbound tourism.
This activity is designed to provide evidence for P1, P2 and M1
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

30. Airports UK airports handled 228 million passengers in 2005
Traffic at the 5 main London airports – Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton and London City – totalled 133 million passengers
Heathrow was the UK’s busiest airport with 68 million passengers
Traffic at UK regional airports is growing rapidly – the result of the increasing numbers of flights offered by the low-cost airlines, e.g. Ryanair, flybe, easyJet, Jet2, bmibaby, etc.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

31. Attractions
Visitor attractions can play a large part in a destination’s success.
They attract visitors and encourage them to stay at a destination longer, thus increasing visitor spending.
The UK officially has 6500 visitor attractions – they are important to both the domestic and inbound tourism market.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

32. Visitor attractions can be either natural or purpose built (man-made).
For this section you need to research the following:
Natural attractions
Heritage attractions
Purpose-built
attractions
Events
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

33. The UK has an abundance of fine landscapes.
Natural Attractions
The UK has an abundance of fine landscapes.
Domestic and overseas visitors are attracted to the beautiful coastline, the rugged mountains, peaceful lakes and the picturesque valleys.
Many areas are now AONB or SSI’s – these include the National Parks – map exercise
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

34. On an outline map of the UK mark the position of the
Activity – evidence for P1 – add to display board
On an outline map of the UK mark the position of the
Existing National Parks in England, Wales and Scotland
Plus the location of the proposed Mourne National Park in
Northern Ireland.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

35. Museums, Galleries etc are examples of such attractions.
Heritage Attractions
Many of Britain’s most popular attractions are heritage attractions, depicting life at a particular point in time in the past.
Museums, Galleries etc are examples of such attractions.
Research the following two heritage attractions as examples for your display board.
Remember to give details about what they are and what they offer the tourist.
Jorvik Viking Centre in York –
Ulster American Folk Park –
You can also look in Wikipedia
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

36. Purpose built attractions
As the name suggests these are tourist attractions that are man made.
Examples include theme parks, zoological centres, entertainment venues etc.
Research example:
Local – Aquarium in Portaferry –
National – Alton towers or the London eye
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

37. Events
Events attract tourists to an area as well as serving the needs of local people.
They come in all shapes and sizes – the Olympics, to local and regional examples such as the St Patrick’s Carnival.
There are lots of examples to research.
Edinburgh Festival – Notting Hill Carnival – Glastonbury
St Patrick celebrations.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

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39. BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

40. Tour Operations
Tour operators are the holiday companies that many of us use when booking a UK or overseas trip.
The role of the Tour operator is to put together all the different components that make up a holiday and sell them as packages to the consumer.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

41. They make contracts with hoteliers, airlines and other transport companies to put the package together.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

42. In the case of foreign package holidays, the majority of customers use the services of a travel agent.
However, developments in technology have meant that growing numbers of people are using the internet, digital tv or teletext.
Companies that sell direct claim that the money they save on paying travel agents is passed on to the customer meaning a cheaper holiday.
The big 4 tour operators include Thompson, MyTravel, Thomas Cook and First Choice Holidays. – however these companies have merged recently.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

43. In 2007, Thomas Cook and MyTravel merged and First Choice and Thompson also merged to effectively create two super tour operators.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

44. The graph above clearly shows an increase in online tour operations in recent years since – customers are able to visit these websites and design their own holiday.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

45. Types of tour operators
Mass-market operators
Specialist operators
Domestic operators
Incoming tour operators
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

46. Mass –market operations (outbound)
These operations sell high volumes of holidays and include best known names -
Thomas Cook Group, the company formed by the merger of travel giants Thomas Cook and MyTravel, began trading on June 19 2007.
Tour operator First Choice merged with the tourism division of German company TUI which includes Thomson Holidays.
The deal, which has to be approved by shareholders, will see the creation of a new company - TUI Travel.
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

47. Research – Choose one of the tour operators History of the company
Its roles and responsibilities
Products that it sells
Destinations it travels to
Researching on the internet and in brochures should give you
All the info you need
BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.

48. BTEC National Travel & Tourism 2007 specifications (c)Travel and Tourism Publishing Ltd.