1. Web 2.0/social media What is Web 2.0? What is social media? Are there good tools and websites in a variety of languages? And why is President Barack Obama in this talk?

2. Web 2.0 user case study: President Barack Hussein Obama, Jr.

3. Web 2.0 is … … weblogs or blogs, link logs, podcasts, twitter, bookmarking/sharing sites like del.icio.us, Digg and Reddit, RSS feeds and other forms of many-to- many publishing; social software, Web APIs, Web standards, online Web services, Facebook and MySpace.

4. web 2.0 social media defined Examples of Web 2.0: web applications (Google calendar) social-networking sites (Facebook) video-sharing sites (YouTube) wikis (wikipedia, Grand Theft wiki) blogs (Huffingtonpost, Afrigator) mashups (web application hybrid) folksonomies (del.icio.us, Digg, Reddit) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 Examples of Web 2.0: web applications (Google calendar) social-networking sites (Facebook) video-sharing sites (YouTube) wikis (wikipedia, Grand Theft wiki) blogs (Huffingtonpost, Afrigator) mashups (web application hybrid) folksonomies (del.icio.us, Digg, Reddit) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

5. web 1.0 versus web 2.0 A Web 2.0 site allows its users to interact with other users or to change website content, in contrast to non- interactive websites where users are limited to the passive viewing of information that is provided to them. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0 A Web 2.0 site allows its users to interact with other users or to change website content, in contrast to non- interactive websites where users are limited to the passive viewing of information that is provided to them. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

6. web 2.0 map http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

7. social media Social media supports the human need for social interaction, using Internet- and web- based technologies to transform broadcast media monologues (one to many) into social media dialogues (many to many). It supports the democratization of knowledge and information, transforming people from content consumers into content producers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media Social media supports the human need for social interaction, using Internet- and web- based technologies to transform broadcast media monologues (one to many) into social media dialogues (many to many). It supports the democratization of knowledge and information, transforming people from content consumers into content producers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media

14. Ghana is tied for #11 as you will see with the following slide, Ghana was #10 less than 1 year ago. Zimbabwe has one-half the population of Ghana but has more than 400,000 more Internet users. Zimbabwe’s percentage of users in Africa is 2.2%, compared to both Ghana and Senegal, both with a 1.5% percentage. http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm as you will see with the following slide, Ghana was #10 less than 1 year ago. Zimbabwe has one-half the population of Ghana but has more than 400,000 more Internet users. Zimbabwe’s percentage of users in Africa is 2.2%, compared to both Ghana and Senegal, both with a 1.5% percentage. http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm

17. “The Battle that Clinton didn’t expect” by E.J. Dionne, Washington Post, 04/03/08 page A19 … [Hillary] Clinton ran the last campaign of the 20th century while [Barack] Obama ran the first campaign of the 21st century. Galston argues that Clinton ran a first-rate version of the last century's campaign -- her fundraising by past standards was impressive. But Obama one-upped her by understanding the new possibilities of modern communications. It wasn't just that he outperformed Clinton by raising so much money online; he also exploited the social-networking sites (he built and has maintained a major web 2.0/social media presence) … [he] understood the interaction between virtual communities and real communities.

18. Candidate Obama on campaign bus in 2008; he and his two aides are checking their BlackBerries

19. White House Web 2.0 page http://www.whitehouse.gov/ http://www.whitehouse.gov/ White House Web 2.0 page http://www.whitehouse.gov/ http://www.whitehouse.gov/ President Obama’s White House website features a blog, videos of his speeches, his weekly podcast (a radio address formerly) and updates on legislation introduced to the U.S. Congress and executive orders signed by Obama.

24. First U.S. presidential official photo taken with a digital camera chief White House photographer: Pete Souza

25. excerpted from Obama’s link to America: his BlackBerry By John D. Podesta January 20, 2009 Los AngelesTimes “Americans elected Obama to engage in these battles not simply because they feared the future but because he invited them into his campaign. And throughout the transition, he remained hard-wired to Americans' concerns and their ideas … As president, it is more important than ever that he remain connected.”

26. Obama using BlackBerry candidate Obama checking his BlackBerry with campaign manager David Axelrod, who is also checking his Blackberry

27. Obama photos from www.flickr.com

28. Web 2.0 is a conversation Wikipedia users know that they can edit an entry, challenging the accuracy or questioning the objectivity of the information. Bloggers can talk to President Obama by posting on any of several interactive websites from the White House’s website to Facebook to MySpace.

29. folksonomy(ies) defined (also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging)… the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content … Typically, folksonomies are Internet-based, although they are also used in other contexts. Most prominent example of a folksonomy is del.icio.us. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy (also known as collaborative tagging, social classification, social indexing, and social tagging)… the practice and method of collaboratively creating and managing tags to annotate and categorize content … Typically, folksonomies are Internet-based, although they are also used in other contexts. Most prominent example of a folksonomy is del.icio.us. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folksonomy

31. del.icio.us http://delicious.com/innocentia74/priest http://delicious.com/innocentia74/priest del.icio.us http://delicious.com/innocentia74/priest http://delicious.com/innocentia74/priest

33. Web APIs defined web APIs: An API, or Application Programming Interface, is a set of functions that one computer program makes available to other programs so they can talk to it directly … http://www.programmableweb.com/faq#Q2 web APIs: An API, or Application Programming Interface, is a set of functions that one computer program makes available to other programs so they can talk to it directly … http://www.programmableweb.com/faq#Q2

34. Web APIs defined For example, a website that allows users to review local restaurants is able to layer their reviews over maps taken from Google Maps, because Google Maps has an API that allows it. Google Maps' API controls what information a third-party site can grab, and what can be done with it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface For example, a website that allows users to review local restaurants is able to layer their reviews over maps taken from Google Maps, because Google Maps has an API that allows it. Google Maps' API controls what information a third-party site can grab, and what can be done with it. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface

37. Bloggers and blogs top row: Arianna Huffington (Huffington Post); Andrew Sullivan (the Daily Dish) & Jack Cafferty (CNN) bottom row: logo for the Daily Kos & logo for all Africa.com

38. what is a blog? A blog (a contraction of the term weblog) is a website, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. "Blog" can also be used as a verb, meaning to maintain or add content to a blog.

40. Who’s blogging? http://technorati.com/blogging/article/day-1-who-are-the-bloggers1/ Two-thirds are male 60% are 18-44 The majority are more affluent and educated than the general population ◦ 75% have college degrees ◦ 40% have graduate degrees ◦ One in three has an annual household income of $75K+ ◦ One in four has an annual household income of $100K+ ◦ Professional and self-employed bloggers are more affluent: nearly half have an annual household income of $75,000 and one third topped the $100,000 level More than half are married More than half are parents Half are employed full time, however ¾ of professional bloggers are employed full time.

42. Blogs, podcasts, social bookmarking… The great advantage of using blogs or podcasts is each person can focus on their interests and research in an information saturated world. Creating a social network within which to share information improves communication and eliminates duplication of effort, since group members share and therefore are aware of each other’s research and progress.

45. Influential blogs Daily Kos: a major U.S. political blog; it receives more than 800,000 hits daily, more than 20 million hits monthly http://www.dailykos.com Drudge Report: this website/blog that first came into prominence as the first news source to discuss the Bill Clinton/Monica Lewinsky relationship and which revealed the location of U.K.’s Prince Harry in Afghanistan http://www.drudge.com/

46. Influential blogs Technorati an Internet search engine for blogs; it has a list of the world’s 100 most popular blogs www.technorati.com/pop/blogs The Daily Dish A blog updated daily since June 2000 on politics, culture, faith, art, science, and anything that makes me laugh. http://AndrewSullivan.TheAtlantic.com/ The Huffington Post According to Nielsen NetRatings, Huffington Post had 8.9 million unique visitors in February, 2009 (by way of comparison, the right-leaning Drudge Report had 3.4 million unique visitors).The Huffington Post has 22 million unique users each month and is the most linked-to blog on the Internet. http://www.huffingtonpost.com

47. Podcasts The logo used by Apple Computers for podcasts.

48. Podcasts the combination of broadcasting and iPods The incredible international popularity of Apple Computers iPod mp3 player led to a new style of acquiring mostly audio information - via files published on the Internet in XML based Really Simple Syndication technology or a RSS feed.

49. a podcast is … A podcast is a series of audio or video digital media files which are distributed over the Internet by syndicated download, through Web feeds to portable media players and to personal computers. Though the same content may also be made available by direct download or streaming, a podcast is distinguished from most other digital media formats by its ability to be syndicated, subscribed to, and downloaded automatically when new content is added. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast A podcast is a series of audio or video digital media files which are distributed over the Internet by syndicated download, through Web feeds to portable media players and to personal computers. Though the same content may also be made available by direct download or streaming, a podcast is distinguished from most other digital media formats by its ability to be syndicated, subscribed to, and downloaded automatically when new content is added. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podcast

52. What’s a wiki? The word ‘wiki’ has a science fiction vibe to it. But wikis are very real, another great piece of Web 2.0. According to the world’s leading wiki, wikipedia, a wiki is: A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content, using a simplified markup language. The word ‘wiki’ has a science fiction vibe to it. But wikis are very real, another great piece of Web 2.0. According to the world’s leading wiki, wikipedia, a wiki is: A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content, using a simplified markup language.

54. Wikipedia ‘wiki’ definition http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki Wikis are often used to create collaborative websites and to power community websites. The collaborative encyclopedia Wikipedia is one of the best-known wikis. Wikis are used in business to provide intranet and Knowledge Management systems.

56. Wikinews http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki A wiki is a Web site that allows the site’s users to easily add, remove, change and otherwise edit some available content, sometimes without the need for registration. Wikinews – a free news source that is created and maintained collaboratively, wiki-style. http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikis are very social, they are: “streams of conversation, revision, amendment and truncation.”

58. A list of global wiki communities Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Espanol: a Spanish language fork of Wikipedia Grand Theft Wiki: a encyclopedia on the video game series Grand Theft Auto IMSLP: a wiki library of public domain music scores Info Wiki: which is made to fix problems in Wikipedia Javapedia: a wiki focused on all aspects of the Java platform Jurispedia: an academic encyclopedia about Law in several languages Mac Guide: a wiki about Apple Mac issues, run by MacRumors.com

59. The technology devices (Obama using his pda and the first U.S. presidential Blackberry)

60. PDAs … A personal digital assistant (PDA) is a handheld computer, also known as a palmtop computer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person al_digital_assistant

61. PDAs Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling them to be used as mobile phones, (smartphones), web browsers, or portable media players. Many PDAs can access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs). Many PDAs employ touch screen technology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant Newer PDAs also have both color screens and audio capabilities, enabling them to be used as mobile phones, (smartphones), web browsers, or portable media players. Many PDAs can access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi-Fi, or Wireless Wide-Area Networks (WWANs). Many PDAs employ touch screen technology. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant

65. Twitter via sms is only available in … Through SMS, users can communicate with Twitter through five gateway numbers: short codes for the United States, Canada, India, New Zealand, and an Isle of Man-based number for international use. There is also a short code in the United Kingdom which is only accessible to those on the Vodafone and O2 networks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter Through SMS, users can communicate with Twitter through five gateway numbers: short codes for the United States, Canada, India, New Zealand, and an Isle of Man-based number for international use. There is also a short code in the United Kingdom which is only accessible to those on the Vodafone and O2 networks. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter

66. Twitter in Africa

67. Who’s tweeting in AF? Tweet Champs Seychelles Western Sahara Botswana Mauritius Liberia Namibia Gabon Madagascar http://www.theyuppie.com/2009/07/twitter-and-africa.html Tweet Champs Seychelles Western Sahara Botswana Mauritius Liberia Namibia Gabon Madagascar http://www.theyuppie.com/2009/07/twitter-and-africa.html

68. Who’s tweeting in Af? Very High Somalia Gambia Ghana Zimbabwe Cape Verde http://www.theyuppie.com/2009/07/twitter-and-africa.html Very High Somalia Gambia Ghana Zimbabwe Cape Verde http://www.theyuppie.com/2009/07/twitter-and-africa.html

70. personal computers

71. laptop computers You don’t need a laptop computer to access Web 2.0. Any computer with access to the Internet will do. The laptop is so seductive because it’s small, thin and lightweight, making it portable, adaptable yet as robust as a desktop computer. If you have a laptop computer or a pda, you can connect anywhere on this planet (with Internet access of course!)

72. digital cameras Digital cameras provide immediate gratification - you can see your image in one second. Digital images can easily be downloaded into an online photo folder/library, to flickr, onto a blog or wiki or sent to your mobile phone.

73. Mobile telephones

74. mobile phones = economic growth Economists are still trying to calculate the macroeconomic effect of this communications explosion, but no one doubts that it's big. Leonard Waverman, chairman of the economics faculty at London Business School, figures that a 10% increase in a developing country's mobile-phone penetration adds 0.6 percentage points to the economic growth rate. Indeed, the advent of mobile communications in Africa coincides with a surge in growth. http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/sep2007/gb20070913_705733_page_ 2.htm

77. African mobile phone stats: in excess of 300,000,000 subscribers Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt are the fastest growing markets Africa has become the fastest growing mobile market in the world with mobile penetration in the region ranging from 100% to 30% Pre-paid subscriptions account for nearly 95 percent of total mobile subscriptions in the region http://whiteafrican.com/2008/08/01/2007-african-mobile-phone-statistics/ Nigeria, South Africa and Egypt are the fastest growing markets Africa has become the fastest growing mobile market in the world with mobile penetration in the region ranging from 100% to 30% Pre-paid subscriptions account for nearly 95 percent of total mobile subscriptions in the region http://whiteafrican.com/2008/08/01/2007-african-mobile-phone-statistics/

78. good news for west Africa While West Africa already has high- speed Internet through the SAT-3 cable that loops around the west of the continent, East Africa still relies on dial-up or expensive satellite connections. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/09/technology/cables.4-425872.php While West Africa already has high- speed Internet through the SAT-3 cable that loops around the west of the continent, East Africa still relies on dial-up or expensive satellite connections. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/09/technology/cables.4-425872.php

82. Bandwidth In computer networking and in computer science, digital bandwidth, network bandwidth or just bandwidth is a measure of available or consumed data communication resources expressed in bit/s or multiples of it (kbit/s, Mbit/s etc). or, in plain language … http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_bandwidth In computer networking and in computer science, digital bandwidth, network bandwidth or just bandwidth is a measure of available or consumed data communication resources expressed in bit/s or multiples of it (kbit/s, Mbit/s etc). or, in plain language … http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_bandwidth

83. bandwidth (2) the amount of data that can be carried or moved from point A to point B in a second (usual time measurement for bandwidth). It should be remembered that a real communications path usually consists of a succession of links, each with its own bandwidth. If one of these is much slower than the rest, it is said to be a bandwidth bottleneck. http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci211 634,00.html the amount of data that can be carried or moved from point A to point B in a second (usual time measurement for bandwidth). It should be remembered that a real communications path usually consists of a succession of links, each with its own bandwidth. If one of these is much slower than the rest, it is said to be a bandwidth bottleneck. http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci211 634,00.html

84. Broadband vs. dial-up This is easy - broadband or ADSL is good, dial-up is bad=slow. With broadband access a user can download huge files of information, both audio and visual, in a relatively short period of time. Dial-up is another story. Broadband downloads at 700 kbit/s per second, while dial-up downloads at 56 kbit/s per second. This is easy - broadband or ADSL is good, dial-up is bad=slow. With broadband access a user can download huge files of information, both audio and visual, in a relatively short period of time. Dial-up is another story. Broadband downloads at 700 kbit/s per second, while dial-up downloads at 56 kbit/s per second.

85. Broadband growth in Africa Africa is the fastest-growing telecommunications market in the world, but growth of broadband on the continent has been hamstrung by a patchy national network and costly connections to international systems. That may be about to change. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/09/technology/cables.4- 425872.php Africa is the fastest-growing telecommunications market in the world, but growth of broadband on the continent has been hamstrung by a patchy national network and costly connections to international systems. That may be about to change. http://www.iht.com/articles/2009/02/09/technology/cables.4- 425872.php

87. Questions … comments Myra Michele Brown Information Resource Officer U.S. Embassy, Accra region: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Benin, Cameroun & Gabon Accra office phone: 233 021 741172 mobile phone: 233 024 432 2007 brownmm4@state.gov Myra Michele Brown Information Resource Officer U.S. Embassy, Accra region: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’Ivoire, Togo, Benin, Cameroun & Gabon Accra office phone: 233 021 741172 mobile phone: 233 024 432 2007 brownmm4@state.gov