2. Motivation  China’s Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) use is increasing exponentially  Natural gas vehicles (NGV) present a new source of CH 4  Methane (CH 4 ) has a global warming potential 25 times that of CO 2  Are NGV really a “bridge to the future”? China Alternative Fuel Vehicles (www.cafv.com.cn): Report on Market Development of China’s Natural Gas Vehicles

3.  Roof mounted sensors include: NH 3 CH 4 N 2 O/COCO 2 /H 2 O Vapor Sensors

4. CARE-Beijing  Campaign ran from June 01 to July 01, 2014  Specifically interested in urban emissions primarily from:  Compressed and liquid natural gas vehicles  Waste water treatment plants  Landfills (both official and unofficial)  Drove more than 6,000 km comparing trace gas concentrations in Beijing to surrounding agricultural regions (Campaigns of Air Quality Research in Beijing and Surrounding Regions)

5. NGV Signatures in BaoDing ( 保定 ), China  China’s compressed and liquid natural gas vehicles (NGV) are leaking more than expected  The Chinese NGV emission factor is about 30 times higher than the Nam et al. estimation for the United State’s fleet  Increased regulation and research is needed to ensure that NGV do not have unintended consequences Nam, E. K., T. E. Jensen, and T. J. Wallington. "Methane Emissions from Vehicles." Environmental Science & Technology 38.7 (2004): 2005-010. Web

6. (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved observations relevant to Air Quality July 15 th – August 15 th, 2014

7. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)  Princeton sampled 65 of 67 CAFOs in Weld County  Preliminary data shows rapid dry deposition of nitrogen near large sources of ammonia  Based upon mean wind speeds and the decreasing rate of the ΔNH 3 /ΔCH 4, the lifetime of gas phase NH 3 was approximately ten minutes in this near source region. Wind NG Drilling Pad 0 km Downwind.8 km Downwind 0 km Upwind.8 km Upwind

8. Significance  Found that NGV are polluting more than anticipated  Investigated CAFOs, oil and gas facilities, waste water treatment plants, agriculture, urban streets, and Rocky Mountain National Park  Identified a higher than anticipated rate of nitrogen dry deposition near CAFOs

9. Acknowledgements I would especially like to thank Levi Golston, Da Pan, Kang Sun, Lei Tao, and Mark Zondlo, all of whom I spent many tireless days in the field with.