1. THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION Nathan B. Gilson Southwest Middle School

2. SETTING THE STAGE The Roman Catholic Church was basing their beliefs about the world on the Philosophers from the Greek and Roman Empires There had been no significant scientific advances in the way we understand the world in over 1000 years This is why they call them the “Middle Ages” or “Dark Ages” Renaissance ends this with new ways of thinking about the world.

3. ARISTOTLE Aristotle was a Greek philosopher during the 4 th century BC. In those times, there were no official scientists, so philosophers often tried to figure out how the world worked too. What Aristotle had right: The earth is round The earth is smaller than the stars The earth is constantly changing (volcanoes create islands, rivers create canyons) Classification of different animals (vertebrates and invertebrates)

4. ARISTOTLE What he had wrong: The Earth doesn’t move, and is the center of the universe Objects naturally want to stop moving Human beings are perfect. Everything is on a scale from 1-11 as far as how perfect it is. Your brain works like an etch-e-sketch Bertrand Russell—”Almost every serious intellectual advance has had to begin with an attack on some Aristotelian doctrine.”

5. GEOCENTRIC UNIVERSE Earth is at the center of the Universe Earth is not moving Adopted by the Roman Catholic Church as official belief due to several Bible verses that talk about the importance of the earth (therefore it must be in the center………………right? Am I right? Yeah, I’m right.)

6. HOW THE CHURCH EXPLAINS THE UNIVERSE The earth is the center of the world Psalm 93:1-- The L ORD reigns, he is robed in majesty; the L ORD is robed in majesty and armed with strength; indeed, the world is established, firm and secure. People get sick (Black Death) because God is judging the people Lightning and Thunder are symbols of God’s power

7. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS (1473-1543) Early 16 th century Developed a model of the universe that explained retrograde motion without planets moving in irregular patterns. Heliocentric Sun at the center of the universe, with all planets (including the earth) rotating around it. Waited until he was almost dead to write his book about his model of the universe, because he was afraid of being excommunicated.

8. EXPLAINING RETROGRADE MOTION

9. GALILEO GALILEI (1564-1642) Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physist Known as the “father of modern science” Discovered Jupiter’s 4 moons, that all items fall at the same speed, regardless of how much they weigh, and proved that Copernicus’ model was correct. Devout Catholic

10. GALILEO Galileo eventually got in trouble with the Inquisition when he wrote a book that seemed to make fun of the Pope Put on trial, found guilty of heresy, and put on house arrest for the rest of his life. All books by Galileo were banned and destroyed whenever the Catholic Church could get a hold of them. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr_bQs4oXgU

11. SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1726) Physicist and mathematician Discovered gravity, and used it to explain how all of the planets, comets, and the tides of the oceans are all caused by gravity. Gravity is consistent everywhere. Objects behave in outer space the same as they do here on earth. Described the 3 laws of motion

12. NEWTON’S 3 LAWS OF MOTION Objects at rest stay at rest and objects in motion continue in motion unless stopped by an outside force. Force=mass x acceleration For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

13. SIR FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626) Developed the Scientific Method Scientific Method—run an experiment by isolating everything but one variable, and then seeing how it changes the result of each experiment. By doing this, we can explain why things are happening.