Evaluation of Ground-based Outdoor Laser Operations by Flight Standards Inspectors FINAL http://www.faa.gov/pilots/laser/

Evaluation of Ground-based Outdoor Laser Operations by Flight Standards Inspectors
FINAL

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
LASERS 4/20/2017 LASER LASER - ACRONYM FOR LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION. LEAD IN TO DEFINITIONS REFERENCE THEY CAN BE FOUND IN FAAO HAVE CLASS OPEN UP LASER SECTION (PAGE ) MOVE ON TO TERMS AND DEFINITIONS GO TO NEXT SLIDE Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

Laser Incidents Las Vegas, NV
LASERS 4/20/2017 Laser Incidents Las Vegas, NV The cockpit of a departing Southwest Airlines had the cockpit illuminated by a laser. The pilot looked out the window and became visually impaired. They continued to their destination (LAX) and were seen by flight surgeons and ophthalmologists who confirmed visual impairment but not permanent damage. LAS VEGAS, NV. SW AIRLINES ON DEPARTURE INVESTIGATION FOUND AT LEAST 50 OTHER REPORTED INCIDENTS. MILITARY ALSO INDICATED INCIDENTS HAD OCCURRED. FDA INITIATED MORATORIUM AT THE REQUEST OF THE FAA. ROBINSVILLE, MS. PILOT REPORTED LASER STRIKE AT (NOT LOCATED) BILOXI, MS. HOTEL “UNKNOWINGLY” SITED LASER THROUGH AIRCRAFT APPROACH PATH. LASER RESITED. NEW YORK CITY PILOTS REPORTED TRACKED BY LASER BEAM (NOT HAWAII PILOTS REPORTED TRACKED BY LASER BEAM. POLICE ARRESTED INDIVIUAL WITH LASER SCOPE. CALIFORNIA FOUND) COVER INCIDENTS .

Laser Incidents, cont. Salt Lake City, UT
A Delta Airlines pilot was grounded for three weeks because of a laser eye injury sustained on final approach to SLC. He was treated for a swollen retina and remains sensitive to bright light.

Potential Laser Ocular Bio-Effects
Vitreous Hemorrhage Retinal Burns Corneal Burn Laser Glare

Incidents, cont. Further investigation by FAA and FDA found at least 50 other incidents in the Las Vegas area. The military also indicated incidents had occurred. This demonstrated that a problem existed in the Las Vegas area and something needed to be done immediately. At the FAA’s request, the FDA immediately issued a moratorium ceasing all laser activities in the Las Vegas area. The moratorium did more than stop the incidents between lasers and aircraft operators, it helped to establish additional guidelines in the determination process.

FAA Concerns EARLY FOCUS: ONGOING FOCUS:
Laser Light Shows: “How to protect users of the NAS from the potential adverse and/or hazardous effects of ground-based outdoor laser operations used in advertisement and entertainment”. The FAA’s objective is to keep lasers (visible and non-visible) away from pilots rather than keeping pilots away from lasers. ONGOING FOCUS: Scientific and Research Lasers in the NAS. Scientific/research lasers in accordance with 21 CFR Section may be exempt from Title 49 and, in addition, may not be able to comply with the above procedures. Regardless of whether or not a proponent is exempt from the provisions, a proposal will still be reviewed.

Organizations Involved in Development of Current Outdoor Laser Operations Rules & Policy
FAA SAE G-10T, Laser Hazards Sub-committee Airline Pilots FDA - CDRH International Laser Display Association

LASERS 4/20/2017 Responsibilities The Administrator of the FAA is responsible under Title 49 U.S.C. to: ….ENSURE THE SAFETY OF AIRCRAFT AND THE EFFICENT USE OF THE AIRSPACE…. Title 49 Transportation, Subtitle 1 DOT, § 106 (g) (A), Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart 1, § (b) (1) THE FAA UNDER TITLE 49, U.S.C., IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROMOTING, DEVELOPING, AND FOSTERING AVIATION SAFETY. ” AS A PART OF THAT EFFORT THE FAA PROVIDES FOR THE SAFE AND EFFICIENT USE OF THE NAVIGABLE AIRSPACE. Q. TWO AGENCIES WITH DIFFERENT REGULATORY AUTHORITY. HOW DO WE BRING THEM TOGETHER? A. ESTABLISHED A COMBINED EFFORT IN THE FORM OF MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU). THE MOU COORDINATES EXISTING REGULATORY PROGRAMS APPLICABLE TO OUTDOOR LASER OPS IN THE NAS, AND ON THE GROUND. THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE OVERALL AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IS ASSIGNED TO THE OFFICE OF AIR TRAFFIC AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT (ATA), WASHINGTON HEADQUATERS. HOWEVER, IN 1998, THE FDA AND THE FAA DEVELPOED AN MOU WHICH COORDINATES EXISTING FAA AND FDA REGULATORY PROGRAMS APPLICABLE TO LASER OPERATIONS THAT MAY PROJECT INTO THE NAVIGABLE AIRSPACE. GO TO NEXT SLIDE

Responsibilities, cont. AFS Role
LASERS 4/20/2017 Responsibilities, cont. AFS Role The Regional Flight Standards Division (RFSD) is responsible for providing a Safety Analysis to the Air Traffic Organization (ATO) to determine any potential effect that a proposed ground-based outdoor laser operation would have on civil flight crews and flight operations. Guidance contained in FAAO & AC 70-1 is applicable to all ground-based outdoor laser activities. UNDER ATA, THE AIRSPACE AND RULES DIVISION, ATA-400 MANAGES THE LASER PROGRAM A PRIME RESPONSIBILITY WITHIN THIS PROOGRAM IS TO PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO FAA REGIONAL AIR TRAFFIC DIVISION OFFICES ASSIGNED THE RESPONSIBILITIES FOR EVALUATING OUTDOOR LASER OPERATIONS. THIS GUIDANCE IS CONTAINED IN FAAO AND IS APPLICABLE TO TO “ALL” OUTDOOR LASER ACTIVITIES EXCEPT THOSE LASERS (PRODUCTS) EXEMPT FOR USE BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.

Responsibilities, cont.
LASERS 4/20/2017 Responsibilities, cont. The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), part of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Title 21 U.S.C. is responsible for establishing and managing the electronic radiation control program. Certain laser equipment and operations fall within their authority. 21 CFR PART 1010 § ; § ; § PART 1040 § (a), (b) (13) § (c) SECTION 40101(d) SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST SECTION (b) USE OF THE AIRSPACE Q. WHAT LAW(S) “SPECIFICALLY” ADDRESS OUTDOOR LASER OPERATIONS?” A. THERE ISN’T ONE Q. SO WHAT DO WE DO?” A. WE WENT TO THE AUTHORITY WHO DOES. Q. DOES ANY ONE KNOW WHO THAT IS?” A. THE FDA COMMERCIAL & ENTERTAINMENT LASERS AS WELL AS ARE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH LASERS ARE SUBJECT TO FDA STANDARDS CERTAIN LASERS ARE EXEMPT. SEE 21 CFR PART LEAD IN: IN A PREVIOUS LESSON ON LAWS AND REGULATIONS YOU LEARNED ABOUT THE FEDERAL AVIATION ACT OF 1958, AND SECTIONS AND THE ACT ESTABLISHES THE BASIS FOR THE FAA’S RESPONSIBILITIES “AND” THEREFORE MAKES THE FAA ACCOUNTBLE FOR ITS ACTIONS. OUT OF THE ACT (LAWS) THE FAR’S PROVIDE SPECIFIC GUIDANCE IN THE FORM OF AVIATION RULES. THE FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA), UNDER TITLE 21 U.S.C. SPECIFICALLY, THE CENTER FOR DEVICES AND RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH (CDRH) HAS THE REGULATORY AUTHORITY FOR LIGHT EMITTING OBJECTS. THIS RESPONSIBILITY INCLUDES ESTABLISHING AND MANAGING THE ELECTRONIC RADIATION CONTROL PROGRAM OF WHICH LASER EQUIPMENT WOULD BE A PART. EXCEPT FOR THOSE EXEMPT BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.

FDA – CDRH Laser Product Classes
LASERS 4/20/2017 FDA – CDRH Laser Product Classes CLASS I - Low levels of radiation - no biological damage. Example - CD Player CLASS II - Eye damage after direct, long-term viewing. Example - Grocery Store Scanner CLASS III a. - Capable of ocular injury in a short exposure. Example - Land Surveyor’s Transit II. BODY A. LASER PRODUCT CLASSES CLASS I - PRODUCE LEVELS OF RADIATION THAT HAVE NOT BEEN FOUND TO CAUSE BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE CLASS II (IIa)- COULD CAUSE EYE DAMAGE “AFTER DIRECT”, LONG TERM VIEWING CLASS III, IIIa, IIIb, IIIc - CAPABLE OF CAUSING OCULAR INJURY IN A SHORT EXPOSURE. OTHER FACTORS PROVIDE A MEASURE OF PROTECTION. POWERFUL ENOUGH TO INJURE HUMAN TISSUE WITH ONE SHORT EXPOSURE TO DIRECT BEAM OR ITS DIRECT REFLECTIONS OFF A SHINY SURFACE. CLASS IV - VISIBLE RADIATION SO POWEFUL THAT IT CAN CAUSE INJURY WITH A DIRECT OR REFLECTED EXPOSURE, SCATTERED OR DIFFUSED BY A ROUGH SURFACE OR SMOKE SCREENS. SOURCE OF CLASSIFICATION FDA 21 CFR SECTION AND SECTION 1040 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUE Z136.1 & .6 WHAT SYSTEM IS USED FOR GENERAL OUTDOO LASER SHOWS?

FDA – CDRH Laser Product Classes, cont.
CLASS III b. - Potential to injure human tissue (eye or skin), direct beam or reflection. CLASS IV - Injury by direct or reflected beam, scattered or diffused.

Regulation Of Ground-based Outdoor Laser Usage
The FDA – CDRH regulates the manufacture of laser products and permits only Class I, II, and III a. lasers light shows without a variance. Class I or II lasers are not very effective with large crowds of people. Outdoor events often use Class III b. and Class IV lasers. It is possible to use Class III b. and Class IV lasers in a way that makes them as safe as Class I or II lasers. The FDA can permit the use of Class III b. and Class IV lasers by issuing a variance (equivalent level of safety).

Variance The Food and Drug Aministration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH), regulates the manufacture of laser products but does not regulate the use of laser products. A ground-based outdoor laser light demonstration is considered to be a laser product and, if the irradiance energy level is greater then 5 miliwatts per square centimeter, the demonstration requires a variance to Title 21, Code of Federal Regulations, Section c. The variance (issued by the CDRH) requires the laser user to notify the FAA of the proposed laser operation and resolve any objections that the FAA may have. If FAA objections remain, the variance is invalid.

Variance, cont. As per the FDA/FAA MOU, FDA – CDRH variances contain a requirement to notify the FAA when any proposed ground-based laser light show or display would project laser light into airspace during: Testing Installation Setup Rehearsals Show operations

Excerpts From FAA/FDA MOU
FAA conducts an aeronautical study of all proposals received for outdoor laser activities to determine the potential effect upon aircraft operations. The FAA aeronautical study is intended to ensure adequate protection for users of The NAS. Specific requirements of the aeronautical studies can be found in FAA Order FAA activities associated with aeronautical studies include, but are not limited to, the following: 1. Providing the expertise and knowledge of known airport locations, flight paths, and traffic patterns in the areas surrounding the site of the laser display which may be in place at the time of the display. 2. Coordination with the military liaisons stationed in the region or locale of the show to include consideration of the effects on military flight operations which may occur in the area of the display during the time of its operation 3. Review of proposed laser light show operations producing projections into airspace in accordance with FAA Order 4. Issuing the appropriate determination letter (OBJECTION or NON-OBJECTION, including any applicable conditions in the latter case) to the laser light show proponent; and 5. Discussing the reasons for an objection with a laser light show proponent and negotiating possible suitable modifications or limitations of the proposed show with the goal of resolving the reasons for objection.

Laser Terminologies Temporary Adverse Visual Effects
LASERS 4/20/2017 Laser Terminologies Temporary Adverse Visual Effects Distraction, Startle, Glare, Flashblindness, Afterimage Hazardous, Adverse Eye Bio-Effect vs. Distance (Threshold Point) Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) Irradiance Energy Levels (from highest to lowest power) miliwatts per square centimeter (mW/cm² ) microwatts per square centimeter (µW/cm² ) nanowatts per square centimeter (nW/cm² ) DEFINITIONS (SEE FAAO ) AFTERIMAGE / FLASHBLINDNESS – ADVERSE EFFECT OR CONDITION CREATED BY EXPOSURE TO A BRIGHT LIGHT. (E.G. HIGH BEAMS, FLASHBULB, ETC).) LASER FREE ZONE (LFZ)/CRITICAL FLIGHT ZONE (CFZ) SENSITIVE FLIGHT ZONE (SFZ) - IN THE INTEREST OF AVIATION SAFETY, SPECIFIC AREAS WHERE IMPOSES LIMITS OF EXPOSURE TO AIRCRAFT. DEMONSTRATION/LASER LIGHT SHOW - ACTIVITY SPONSORING ENTERTAINMENT AND OR ADVERTISEMENT NOMINAL OCULAR HAZARD DISTANCE (NOHD) – DISTANCE FROM THE SOURCE RADIATION WHERE IT IS NO LONGER CONSIDERED A BIOLOGICAL HAZARD. HOWEVER, EXPOSURE BEYOND THIS DISTANCE MAY PRESENT VISUAL ADVERSE EFFECTS. FDA RATIONALE SUGGEST THAT BASED ON REFLEX, SUCH AS BLINKING AND LOOKING AWAY REDUCES THE POTENTIL EFFECT. VARIANCE – A WAIVER FROM A SET OF STANDARDS (PROPONENT PROVIDES THE FDA WITH ALTERNATE OR SUITABLE MEANS OF PROTECTING VIEWERS FROM THE HAZARDOUS EMMISION OF RADIATION). WATT – POWER OF THE SYSTEM ON COMING HIGH BEAMS FLASHBULB FLIGHT ZONES ESTABLISHED BY THE FAA MEASUREMENT FORM THE SOURCE

Temporary Adverse Visual Effects
Effects on Unaided Vision - Startle - Glare/Dazzle - Afterimage/Flashblindness With Night Vision Goggles - Flare or blooming of screen EVS/HUD - TBD

Temporary Adverse Visual Effects, cont.
Startle – Refers to an interruption of a critical task due to the unexpected appearance of a bright light, such as a laser beam. Glare/Dazzle – A bright light that makes it difficult to see, such as, oncoming headlights or a momentary laser pointer exposure. These visual effects last only as long as the light is actually present. Afterimage/Flashblindness – A shadow image left in the visual field after the source of bright light has been removed. This is similar to the effect produced by the flashbulbs, and can occur at exposure levels below those that cause eye injury.

Laser Hazards vs. Distance
VISUAL EFFECTS Hazard Distance Laser Startle Potential Retinal Injury Afterimage Glare From “Commercial Laser Pointers and Night Flying – Don’t Be Startled,” presentation, by D.H. Sliney, US Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventative Medicine, Laser/Optical Radiation Hazards Program (DOHS/25), Laser Eye Protection, p. 28.

The beam is an eye hazard from the laser source to this distance.
Measurements, MPE & NOHD Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) The level of laser radiation to which a person may be exposed without hazardous effect or adverse biological change in the eye or skin. This value is used in the calculation of Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD). Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) The maximum distance from the laser system beyond which the laser beam irradiance does not exceed the MPE for that laser. The beam is an eye hazard from the laser source to this distance.

Laser Terminologies, cont.
Calculated Laser Beam Distances Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) Sensitive Zone Exposure Distance (SZED) Critical Zone Exposure Distance (CZED) Laser Free Exposure Distance (LFED) Flight Zones Laser Free Zone (LFZ) Critical Flight Zone (CFZ) Sensitive Flight Zone (SFZ) Normal Flight Zone (NFZ)

Calculated Laser Beam Distances
There are four laser beam distances that are important in evaluating the safety of ground-based outdoor laser operations. 1. Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD) - The beam is an eye hazard (is above the MPE), from the laser source to this distance. Sensitive Zone Exposure Distance (SZED) - The beam is bright enough to cause temporary vision impairment, from the source to this distance. Beyond this distance, the beam is 100µW/cm2 or less. Critical Zone Exposure Distance (CZED) - The beam is bright enough to cause a distraction interfering with critical task performance, from the source to this distance. Beyond this distance, the beam is 5 µW/cm2 or less. “Laser-Free” Exposure Distance (LFED) - The beam is dim enough that it is not expected to cause a distraction. Beyond this distance, the beam is 50nW/cm2. The laser beam distances are calculated by the laser operator and reported on the application form Worksheet, FAA Form

Airspace Flight Zones Laser Free Zone (LFZ) Critical Flight Zone (CFZ)
There are four Flight Zones that are important in evaluating the safety of ground-based outdoor laser operations. Laser Free Zone (LFZ) Critical Flight Zone (CFZ) Sensitive Flight Zone (SFZ) Normal Flight Zone (NFZ) These flight zones will be charted (Plan & Profile View) and evaluated by the AFS Inspector as part of the Safety Analysis.

Airspace Flight Zones, cont.
Laser Free Zone: Surface to 2,000' Above Airport Elevation (AAE) 2 Nm from Runway Ends & Centerline 3 Nm Extension 5,000’ Wide, 2,500’ Along Either Side of Extended Runway Centerline Irradiance Energy Level Not To Exceed 50 nW/cm²

Airspace Flight Zones, cont. Laser Free Zone
LASERS 4/20/2017 Airspace Flight Zones, cont. Laser Free Zone Runway LFZ – FREE EXPOSURE LIMITHIL – (HIGH INTENSITY LIGHT ZONE) 50 nW/cm² NO BRIGHTER THAN OTHER AMBIENT LIGHT LIGHT SOURCES. NO ADVERSE IMPACT Runway (ARP)

AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP)
LASERS 4/20/2017 Airspace Flight Zones, cont. Laser Free Zone 10NM CFZ - Critical Zone Exposure Distance 5 µW/cm² POTENTIAL FOR GLARE 10NM AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP) LASER FREE ZONE 50nW/cm2

Critical Flight Zone: Surface to 10,000’ AAE 10 NM Radius From the Airport Reference Point (ARP) Irradiance Energy Level Not To Exceed 5 µW/cm²

AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT
LASERS 4/20/2017 Airspace Flight Zones, cont. Critical Flight Zone CRITICAL FLIGHT ZONE 5µW/cm2 10NM CFZ - Critical Zone Exposure Distance 5 µW/cm² POTENTIAL FOR GLARE 10NM AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP)

Sensitive Flight Zone: Airspace Anywhere Within a Normal Flight Zone but outside of a Critical Flight Zone containing Known, At-Risk Aircraft Operations Not Necessarily Associated with a Landing Facility Location(s) and Dimensions Determined by Local FAA (AFS) Irradiance Energy Level Not To Exceed 100µW/CM²

LASERS 4/20/2017 Airspace Flight Zones, cont. Sensitive Flight Zone SENSITIVE FLIGHT ZONE 100µW/cm2 10NM CFZ - Critical Zone Exposure Distance 5 µW/cm² POTENTIAL FOR GLARE Examples: Glider OPS Parachute Jump Area Etc. 10NM AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP)

Normal Flight Zone: Anywhere in the NAS that is not a LFZ, CFZ or SFZ that may contain Impromptu Aircraft Operations A NFZ Will Normally Surround Other Flight Zones Irradiance Energy Level Not To Exceed 2.6 mW/cm²

LASERS 4/20/2017 Airspace Flight Zones, cont. Normal Flight Zone NORMAL FLIGHT ZONE 2.6mW/cm2 10NM CFZ - Critical Zone Exposure Distance 5 µW/cm² POTENTIAL FOR GLARE 10NM AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP) NORMAL FLIGHT ZONE 2.6mW/cm2

LASERS 4/20/2017 All 4 Airspace Flight Zones, Plan View CRITICAL FLIGHT ZONE 5µW/cm2 VFR Flyway SENSITIVE FLIGHT ZONE 100µW/cm2 10NM CFZ - Critical Zone Exposure Distance 5 µW/cm² POTENTIAL FOR GLARE Normal Flight Zone 2.6mW/cm2 Normal Flight Zone 2.6mW/cm2 10NM AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP) LASER FREE ZONE 50nW/cm2

AIRCRAFT OPS MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE
LASERS 4/20/2017 Airspace Flight Zones, Profile View Elevation 10nm 2000’ 8000’ 3nm 2nm ** AIRPORT REFERENCE POINT (ARP) LASER FREE ZONE 50nW/cm2 CRITICAL FLIGHT ZONE 50µW/cm2 SENSITIVE FLIGHT ZONE AIRCRAFT OPS MAY BE SUSCEPTIBLE 100µW/cm2 * Normal Flight Zone 2.6mW/cm2 SFZ - Sensitive Zone Exposure Distance 100 µW/cm² FLASHBLINDNESS AFTERIMAGE Normal Flight Zone 2.6mW/cm2 * Runway length varies per airport. AGL is based on published airport elevation. ** To be determined by local FAA evaluation and/or local airport operations.

Examples of Airspace Flight Zones, Profile View
Normal Flight Zone Laser Beam with 100 Elevation Angle Sensitive Flight Zone Critical Flight Zone Laser Free Zone Runway ARP

Information Needed To Conduct AFS Safety Analysis
1. Location of the proposed laser operation (Lat / Long, elevation), and beam direction from FAA Form , Worksheet, Items 2 & 4, and topographical map if provided by applicant. 2. For visible lasers, the laser NOHD, SZED, CZED and LFED for the proposed laser operation from FAA Form , Worksheet, Item 5. 3. Known civil landing facilities, aircraft routes / flyways, etc. in the proposed area of the laser operation. 4. Known civil aircraft operations not associated with a landing facility potentially affected by the proposed laser operation. 5. For visible lasers, the landing facility LFZ, CFZ, and SFZ for all potentially affected civil landing facilities, and SFZ for known potentially affected aircraft routes / flyways, etc.. 6. Proposed control measures, procedures, and other mitigations.

AFS Safety Analysis, Overview
Use proposed laser NOHD, SZED, CZED, and LFED from FAA Form , Worksheet, Item 5. AFS Safety Analysis is based on locally known civil landing facility operations such as departure routes, arrival routes, etc., and other locally known civil flight operations in navigable airspace such as published airways, helicopter routes, VFR flyways, concentrated GA activities, etc.. Determine landing facility LFZ, CFZ, SFZ, and other SFZ as dictated by other known flight operations. Determine if laser irradiance level exceeds limits of the LFZ, CFZ, and any SFZ. Evaluate control measures, procedures, and other mitigations. Report results of the safety analysis evaluation through RFSD to ATO.

AFS Safety Analysis Steps
For visible lasers, plot the laser NOHD, SZED, CZED and LFED for the proposed laser operation from FAA Form , Worksheet, Items 2, 4 & 5, and topo map if provided. Plot both plan and profile view. For visible lasers, plot the landing facility LFZ, CFZ, and SFZ for all potentially affected civil landing facilities, and SFZ for known potentially affected civil aircraft routes / flyways, GA activities, etc., both plan and profile view. For non-visible lasers, consider the effect of the NOHD on aircraft Note: The LFZ, CFZ, and SFZ need only be considered for visible laser systems. Further, when control measures mitigate all hazards or other issues raised by the safety analysis, irradiance levels may exceed the above levels. Evaluate any control measures or procedures from FAA Form , Notice, Item 6, that may mitigate the effects. For the proposed laser operation to be non-objectionable to the FAA, the effective irradiance levels listed below shall not be exceeded in the corresponding flight zones. (a) Laser-free Zone is limited to 50 nW/cm2 or less. (b) Critical Flight Zone is limited to 5 W/cm2 or less. (c) Sensitive Flight Zone is limited to 100 W/cm2 or less. (d) Normal Flight Zone is limited to 2.6 mW/cm2 or less.

FAA Form 7140-1, Laser Configuration Worksheet, Example

FAA Form 7140-1, Laser Configuration
FAA Form , Laser Configuration Worksheet, Items 2, 4 & 5, Examples

FAA Form 7140-1, Notice of Outdoor Laser Operation(s), Example
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FAA Form 7140-1, Notice of Proposed Outdoor
Laser Operation, Item 6, Example

Mitigations for Laser Operations
LASERS 4/20/2017 Mitigations for Laser Operations Some examples of physical, procedural, and automated mitigating control measures for laser operations that may be acceptable to the FAA: Physical beam stops Beam controls to meet appropriate irradiance levels Beam direction controls Shutter or beam termination system Safety observers Automated systems that detect aircraft and shift or terminate the beam can be used to augment measures above. LASER CONSIDERATIONS a. LASER LIGHT SHOWS VARAINCE (WHEN NECESSARY) (1). APPROVAL (2). EQUIPMENT SAFETY MEASURES (3). SPOTTERS (If required) b. HIGH POWER LASER OPERATIONS (1). SYSTEM SAFETY MEASURES (2). SPOTTERS/COMMUNICATIONS c. OTHER HIGH INTENSITY LIGHT SYSTEM (1). HIGHWAY LIGHTS (2). RECREATIONAL PARKS (3.). GOLF COURSES (4). HIGH INTENSITY SPOT LIGHTS IF NECESSARY BINOCULARS DIRECT COMMUNICATIONS NEXT SLIDE

ATO Letter of Determination (LOD)
Objection A determination of objection includes: Why the proposal is objectionable A record of any negotiations Other appropriate information If FAA objections cannot be eliminated, the CDRH variance is not valid.

ATO Letter of Determination (LOD)
Non-Objection A determination of non-objection includes: A list of provisions, conditions, and limitations A reminder that any deviation from the proposal will require further evaluation A reminder that any state or local requirements must be complied with NOTAM requirements AT facility contact information

Distribution of Letter Of Determination (LOD) by ATO
LASERS 4/20/2017 Distribution of Letter Of Determination (LOD) by ATO 31 Determinations are not an approval or disapproval, but rather Non-objection or Objection. Written determination will be sent to proponent. Proponent may be notified via telephone, followed by written response. Copies will be sent to: - ATO, System Operation and Safety, Airspace and Rules - Regional Flight Standards Division - military liaison offices - affected ATC facilities - FDA CDRH 5. DETERMINATION DISTRIBUTION NON-OBJECTIONAL a. PROPONENT b. AFFECTED ATC FACILITIES c. CDRH d. OBJECTIONABLE a. PROPONENT b. ATA- 400

LASERS 4/20/2017 NOTAMS NOTAMS (1) ATO SHALL PREPARE NOTAM (a) 7 DAYS IN ADVANCE (b) CALL IN TO US NOTAM OFFICE – (2) ATO MAY DIRECT PROPONENT TO ACTIVATE AND CANCEL NOTAM (a) ATO IS OTHERWISE RESPONSIBLE FOR CANCELLATION (b) IF NOTAM RESPONSIBILITY IS ASSIGNED TO PROPONENT, ATO SHALL CLEARLY EXPLAIN RESPONSIBILITIES (3) NOTAM SHALL EMPHASIZE POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS EFFECTS (4) ADDIONALLY, PERMANENT OR ACTIVITIES OF LONG DURATION ARE PUBLISHED IN THE CLASS II NOTAM PUBLICATION AND IN THE A/FD. NOTAMS are part of the FAA’s safety net to protect users of the NAS from the potential adverse and/or hazardous effects of ground-based outdoor laser operations. ATO will prepare NOTAMs for known laser activities. Regional ATO notifies NOTAM office: - 7 days in advance - May delegate to AFSS/AT facility NOTAM shall emphasize potential hazardous effects.

Evaluation of Ground-based Outdoor Laser Operations by Flight Standards Inspectors FINAL http://www.faa.gov/pilots/laser/

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Evaluation of Ground-based Outdoor Laser Operations by Flight Standards Inspectors FINAL http://www.faa.gov/pilots/laser/

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