1. Prof.Dr. : Hamdy Al Mikati Comm. & Electronics Dep year 4th
Smart antennae
Prof.Dr. : Hamdy Al Mikati
Comm. & Electronics Dep
year 4th

2. Crew Ahmed Aaref Ahmed Ismael Ahmed Mohammed Abdel Moteleb
Ali Sabry Ali Mustafa
Islam

3. Outlines Antennae systems What is smart antennae ?
Advantages & drawbacks of smart antennae.
Different types of smart antennae and its benefits
Application of smart antennae in Mobile technology

5. ? What is a Smart Antenna
A smart antenna system combines multiple antenna elements with a signal-processing capability to optimize its radiation and/or reception pattern automatically in response to the signal environment.
In reality antennas are not smart; it is the digital signal processing, along with the antennas, which makes the system smart .

6. Advantages Of Smart Antennae
Better coverage and range
Increased system capacity
Spatial diversity
Multipath management
Reduce co channel interference(CCI)
Improve building penetration
Power efficiency
Reduced expense

7. Smart Antenna Drawbacks
Their transceivers are much more complex than traditional transceivers.
Needs separate transceiver chains for each array antenna element & accurate real-time calibration for each of them.
System costs in the short term.

8. Infinite (scenario-based) patterns
with steered nulls
SLL Reduction dB
Finite fixed patterns( nulls & SLL)
Low Side lobes are directed to
Interferers

9. Smart Antenna Systems Comparison
CRITERIA
SWITCHED BEAM
ADAPTIVE ARRAYS
INTEGERATION
Easy to implement
Low cost
Transceiver complexity
High cost
Less hardware
redundancy
RANGE/COVERAG
More coverage compared
to conventional systems
Less coverage compared to adaptive array
More coverage compared to switched beam system
INTERFERENCE REJECTION
Difficulty in distinguishing
between desired signal and interferer
Does not react to the
movement of interferers.
Focusing is narrower
Capable of nulling
interfering signals

10. Switched (Fixed) Beam System
It is the simplest smart antenna technique using fixed BF systems & it’s an extension of cell sectoring
It forms multiple fixed beams with heightened sensitivity in particular directions and switches from one beam to another as the cellular phone moves throughout the sector
It is an alternative to Higher-Order Sectorized System by dividing the macro-sector into several micro-sectors without Antennas increasing in the BS site.
The same beam can be used for UL or DL

11. Block Diagram It Consists of :
phase shifting network : forms multiple beams looking in certain directions (i.e. Buttler Matrix or Blass Matrix)
RF Switch : actuates the right beam in the desired direction
The control logic is governed by an algorithm which scans all the beams and selects the one receiving the strongest signal based on a measurement made by the detector

12. Benefits & Limitations
Coverage Extension (from 20% to 200 % Compared to Conventional BS)
Compatible with the Systems
Low Complexity & Cost
Limitations:
Susceptibility to interfering signals or multipaths arriving from angles near that of the desired signal
Scalloping
Lack of path diversity (No Coherent Combining)

13. Adaptive Beam System It is fully smart antenna System
It likes a Switched Beam System but with a Signal Processing Controller
The Signal processor steers the main beam towards the
desired MS, follows it as it moves & the nulls toward the interfering signals
The Processing is governed by Complex Computationally intensive Algorithms

14. Block Diagram
In this Digital Beamformer, the Adaptive System utilizes base band Adaptive & DOA Algorithms to Continuously distinguish between desired signals, multipath, and interfering signals (
There are many adaptive algorithms ( Blind or Non Blind) to update the array Weights, each with its speed of Convergence and required Processing time (i.e CMA & LMS adaptive algorithms)
There are many DOA-estimation methods that can calculate the DOA of all incoming signals (i.e. MUSIC Algorithm)

15. SDMA (Space Division Multiple access)
SDMA system block diagram
SDMA concept
SDMA is the most sophisticated utilization of smart antenna technology
It is based upon the concept that a signal arriving from a distant source reaches different antennas in an array at different times due to their spatial distribution

16. With Without Multiple SDMA Access System GSM/GPRS CDMA Example
Transmission OR Reception of every user in a time & frequency band to the base station, Limited capacity of the system
Multiple simultaneous transmissions in the same frequency
band, multiplying the capacity of the system
CDMA
Capacity is limited by its SIR
boosting the SIR in the system, Capacity Improvement

17. Usage Of Smart Antenna Technology
Cell Phones
WiFi Applications for access points and clients
WiMax/4G Mobile Applications for tower, base stations and clients
Laptops, Palmtops (Mobile personal digital assistant (PDAs)) and Handset Applications
3G Cellular (UMTS)
RFID
Ultra Wide Band/Bluetooth

18. QUESTIONS......?

19. THANKS