1. Session 03: Technical aspects of interconnection Collocation Carrier Selection

2. Outline 2 Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

3. Outline 3 Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

4. Operators or service providers connect their equipment, their networks and services to enable customers access to customers, services and networks of other providers. Clients - A - Services - A - Interconnection Actor -A- Actor -A- Actor -B- Actor -B- Clients - B - Services - B - Actors may be fixe, mobile operators or ISPs 4 Definition

5. The political and technical conditions of interconnection and tariffs define: - Telecommunications market : Encouraging competition. - New entrants : Attracting investment. - Customers: Benefit fromThe services offered by operators. 5 Importance

6. Network 2 Network 2 Netw ork 1 POI POI : point of Interconnection. PoP : Point of Presence. LI : Links of Interconnection. Customer Operator 1 Access PoP LI Access Customer Operator 2 Legend : 6 Block diagram of interconnection

7. Interconnection termination  Operator B terminates a call received from a subscriber of operator A.  Operator B provides service termination to operator A. Operator -A- Operator -A- Operator -B- Operator -B- Customer - A - Customer - B - Calling partyCalled party 7 Types of interconnection (1/2)

8. Interconnection origination A subscriber of operator B connected to operator A initiates a communication to B  Operator A provides interconnection origination service to operator B. Operator -A- Operator -A- Operator -B- Operator -B- Client - B - 8 Types of interconnection (2/2)

9. RTC : Réseau à commutation de circuits GSM BTS GSM BSC GSM BTS MSC/ VLR GMSC Réseau à Commutation De circuit BPN GSM : Système BSSGSM :Système NSS LR: [ Ensemble de 2Mbps ] CT CAA BPN Niveau double transit Niveau inter CAA Niveau intra CAA Niveau simple transit GSMRTC ( ) HLR AUC fixe-mobile Interconnection

10. GSM Operator SDH Ring TS Transit Switch Point of interconnection Simple transit Point of interconnection Double transit SDH Ring TS Transit Switch Point of interconnection local Concentrator Access SDH Access LS Local Switch ISDN PABX 10 Fixe to mobile interconnection Concentrator

11. Domaine of ISP Domaine of LDO Domaine of LLO Customer ISP Point Point of interconnection LLO : Local Loop Operator LDO : Longue Distance Operator ISP : Internet Service Provider 11 Internet interconnection

12. The Reference of Interconnection Offer (RIO) should be simple and clear in defining technical conditions of interconnection. RIO must contain a minimum of technical services. Technical details are set out in contract of interconnection. Collocation. QoS. 12 Technical requirements

13. 13 Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

14. Two types of collocation : - Physical Collocation by mean of dedicated or shared room. - Distant Collocation. In the following, we note : Op.1: who offers collocation. Op.2: applying for collocation. 14 Collocation services

15. internal wiring Dedicated room Op.2 LS or TS Technical Building Op.1 Fiber Op.2 Chamber 0 Limitation of Liability Op.1 offers collocation to Op.2 15 Dedicated Room (1/2)

16. Op.2 implements : – Physical link between his POP and POI – Terminal equipment (Mux SDH) One in Op.2 (POP) Other one collocated in Op.1 (PIO) – Responsable for QoS between POP and PIO Op.1 offers to Op.2 – Interconnection ports in the switching part 16 Dedicated Room (2/2)

17. Copper wiring - Op.2 Transmission room Op.1 PoP Op.2 Limited distance 17 Distant collocation (1/2) Op.1 offers collocation to Op.2 Technical Building Op.1 internal wiring LS or TS

18. Op.2 implements : The physical link between his POP and POI Responsable for QoS between POP and PIO Op.1 offers to Op.2 Interconnection ports in the switching part 18 Distant collocation (2/2)

19. Typically, operators complain a lack of space in technical buildings. Operators don’t provide space for their competitors. 19 Problem CL1: Space

20. Operators must anticipate and provide a minimum of space for their competitors. RIOs can provide information on the availability and visibility for provision of collocation. (Saudi Catalog) Auditing technical building of operators. 20 Remedies CL1: Space

21. In the event that audit reveals a real lack of space by dedicated room in technical buildings. Operator couldn’t find more space for the extension or provision of these unique services. 21 Problem CL2: Lack of collocation by dedicated room

22. Relies primarily on collocation by shared room. New problem: Access Management. Proceedings second to distant collocation. Sometimes is limited by distance if the transmission medium is for example copper. Alternatives : In Span. 22 Remedies CL2: Lack of collocation by dedicated room

23. Operators are delaying implementation of collocation highlighting procedural delays longer. Examples: - Deadlines for feasibility study. - Prolonged delays in the redevelopment of sites. - Limiting the number of studies. 23 Problem CL3: Procedures

24. Collocation services must be strictly regulated. Ability to conduct studies in parallel on one or more sites. Limiting response times: the use of simulations and benchmarks. 24 Remedies CL3: Procedures

25. Excessive Rates. Lack of visibility: quotes. 25 Problem CL4: Tariffs

26. Rates per m2: benchmark residential areas. Limiting the use of quotes. 26 Remedies CL4: Tariffs

27. Access Management. Limitation of Liability. 27 Problem CL5: Management

28. Securing access. Collocation by shared room: Trust between operators? Responsibilities must be detailed in contracts. 28 Remedies CL5: Management

29. 29 Introduction Collocation Carrier Selection

30. Access Conveying Calling paty Incumbent generally It is a mechanism that allows subscribers to choose their carrier for local, national or international calls. 30 Provision of carrier selection

31. Two types of carrier selection: - Call by call selection. - Preselection. 31 Types

32. Possibility for the user to make his choice of carrier for each call. This service requires that the carrier is interconnected to the original operator. 32 Call by call selection(CCS)

33. In this case, the Carrier is a long Distance operator. 33 CS: Schematic illustration

34. A list of prefixes assigned to different carriers. The user dials the first carrier selected prefix, followed by the number of the callee. Mechanism of prefix routing tables. 34 CS: Implementation

35. The user makes the choice of carrier for the desired types of calls (local, national or international). This choice is made once by the user. Preselection does not cancel CCS 35 Preselection

36. Should we restrict the use of selection call service? 36 Problem ST1: Restriction

37. Payphones. Special numbers. Non-geographic numbers ? Others? 37 Remedies ST1: Restriction Marketing effort

38. Timeliness of CS implementation Targeted segment of the market (local, national, international) Mobile/fixe 38 Problem ST2: Opportunity and scope

39. The CS is a regulatory lever that can promote competition in some market segments, especially in international Subscribers can take profit, to some extent, from advantages offered by operators while contracting a single operator However, the CS requires a certain maturity of the market (to allow time for infrastructure development) CS can generate effects of positive externalities 39 Remedies ST2: Opportunity and scope

40. Mechanisms for implementating CS Managing routing tables Costs Implementation times 40 Problem ST3 : Implementation

41. A list of prefixes assigned to different carriers. the user dials the first carrier selected prefix, followed by the number of the callee. Switches eligible to CS. Distributed architecture then centralized one Planning adopted by the regulator Centralized architecture: cost sharing between operators? 41 Remedies ST3 : Implementation

42. Cost base Cost model 42 Problem ST4 : Tariffs

43. Cost orientation Charges relevant to signaling Unified cost model between operators: symmetry or asymmetry in case of distributed architecture? 43 Remedies ST4 : Tariffs

44. Thank you for your attention M. Abdelmounaim EL HAFFAF elhaffaf@anrt.ma