5. EVENT Wilmot Proviso 1846 Proposal to prohibit slavery in all lands gained through War w/Mexico CAUSE War w/ Mexico EFFECT Never passed but increased sectionalist tensions between N & S

8. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexican Cession 1849 Gold discovered in California Compromise of 1850 Series of laws including: 1.California admitted as free state 2.Texas gave up claims in NM 3.UT & NM would decide for themselvesUT & NM would decide for themselves Popular Sovereignty 4. Banned slave trade in Wash DC 5. Stronger Fugitive Slave Act Neither side happy Greatly intensified debate over slavery EVENT CAUSEEFFECT

10. Violated rights of free blacks Increased abolitionist defiance Fugitive Slave Act 1850 Northerners were required by law to help return runaway slaves Admitting California as a free state angered the South (30 states: 15 slave/15 free) CAUSE EVENT EFFECT

12. Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel about the horrors of slavery Fugitive Slave Act Greatly increases the size of the abolitionist movement CAUSE EVENT EFFECT

15. Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 Allowed for popular sovereignty in Kansas & Nebraska territory Repealed MO Compromise Brought Lincoln back into politics Republican Party was formed Abolitionists & pro-slavery forces – violent clash Senator Stephen Douglas Senator Stephen Douglas wanted the territories settled quickly to build transcontinental railroad CAUSE EVENT EFFECT

17. The Little Giant His point ?

18. …there is nothing in the bill under consideration which does not carry out the principle of the compromise measures of 1850, by leaving the people to do as they please, subject only to the provisions of the Constitution of the United States. If that principle is wrong, the bill is wrong. If that principle is right, the bill is right!If that principle is wrong, the bill is wrong. If that principle is right, the bill is right!

20. Lincoln’s problem with popular sovereignty…

21. The doctrine of self-government is right, --absolutely and eternally right,-- but it has no just application as here attempted. Or perhaps I should rather say that whether it has such application depends upon whether a negro is not or is a man. If he is not a man, in that case he who is a man may as a matter of self-government do just what he pleases with him. But if the negro is a man, is it not to that extent a total destruction of self-government to say that he too shall not govern himself? When the white man governs himself, that is self- government; but when he governs himself and also governs another man, that is more than self-government--that is despotism. If the negro is a man, why then my ancient faith teaches me that “all men are created equal,” and that there can be no moral right in connection with one man’s making a slave of another.

22. “We hold these truths to be self-evident: That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, DERIVING THEIR JUST POWERS FROM THE CONSENT OF THE GOVERNED.” I have quoted so much at this time merely to show that, according to our ancient faith, the just powers of governments are derived from the consent of the governed. Now the relation of master and slave is a total violation of this principle.Now the relation of master and slave is a total violation of this principle.

23. Bleeding Kansas Term used by Horace Greely to describe violence between Free- Soilers & pro-slave forces Kansas Nebraska Act Border wars intimated the violence of slavery that would last through the Civil War John Brown: Pottawatomie Creek Violence spread to the senate floor Caning of Charles Sumner by Preston Brooks CAUSE EVENT EFFECT

27. Dred Scott Decision 1857 Dred Scott sued for his freedom The Compromise of 1820 set aside free land in the Louisiana Territory Overturned the Missouri Compromise All African Americans (slave & free) were stripped of their citizenship rights CAUSE EVENT EFFECT

29. EVENT Lincoln Douglas Debates 1858 Lincoln challenges Douglas for his US Senate seat CAUSE The newly formed Republican Party nominates Lincoln to run for US Senate EFFECT Debates become a forum on majority vs. minority rights (a la Federalist #10)majority vs. minority rights (a la Federalist #10) Freeport Question/Freeport Doctrine Lincoln loses but launched into national spotlight

30. Abraham Lincoln June 16, 1858 Speech before the Republican State Convention Springfield, Illinois MR. PRESIDENT, AND GENTLEMEN OF THE CONVENTION: If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could better judge what to do, and how to do it. We are now far into the fifth year, since a policy was initiated with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached and passed. "A house divided against itself cannot stand." I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved--I do not expect the house to fall--but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other. Either the opponents of slavery will arrest the further spread of it, and place it where the public mind shall rest in the belief that it is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its advocates will push it forward, till it shall become alike lawful in all the States, old as well as new-- North as well as South.

33. John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry 1859 Attempt to steal weapons from federal arsenal John Brown believed he was an agent of God Attempt to organize a slave rebellion Raid failed Brown tried & hanged Became a martyr for the abolitionist cause Southern states strengthen militia EVENT CAUSE EFFECT

35. EVENT Election of Abraham Lincoln 1860 CAUSE Cooper Union Address NYC gets him Republican nomination Lincoln articulates how to stop the spread of slavery Lincoln elected with only 40% of popular vote Wins landslide in electoral college b/c Democratic party is so spilt EFFECT 1 st Republican President “straw that breaks the camel’s back for the South”

38. Secession of South Carolina December 20, 1860 Election of Abraham Lincoln 11 states will follow to form the Confederate States of America Bombing of Fort Sumter The Civil War begins CAUSE EVENTEFFECT

41. Bombing of Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 4:30 am Election of Abraham Lincoln Formation of CSA Lincoln reinforces federal fort in Charleston SC The Civil War begins Lincoln calls for 75,000 troops to sign up for 90 days CAUSE EVENTEFFECT