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AP Biology 2007-2008 Study of Life Chapter 1 Themes
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AP Biology Why study themes of Biology? Biology is an ever expanding body of knowledge too much to memorize it all need to generalize create a framework upon which to organize new knowledge themes are the key to understanding the nature of living organisms
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AP Biology 8 Themes in biology Science as a process of inquiry called inductive reasoning questioning & investigation Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
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AP Biology Science as a process of inquiry
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AP Biology Science as a process of inquiry Built on repeatable observations & testable, falsifiable hypotheses
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AP Biology Natural selection Evolutionary change is a product of the process of natural selection –can produce new species Organisms don’t adapt; Organisms have adaptations.
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AP Biology 2007-2008 "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution." -- Theodosius Dobzhansky March 1973 Geneticist, Columbia University (1900-1975)
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AP Biology Evolution explains unity & diversity (all life is connected through evolution) Unity what do organisms have in common & why do similarities exist? common biochemistry & physiology evolutionary relationships connected through common ancestor Diversity but why are there differences? natural selection adaptations allow different individuals to survive in different environments
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AP Biology The origin of species Charles Darwin presented two ideas: Current species arose from a succesion of ancestors through “decent with modification “ (evolution) The mechanism of evolution is natural selection He observed this by 1. Individuals in a population of any species vary in many heritable traits 2. Any population can potentially produce far more offspring than the environment can support Result of these 2 a struggle for existence among variant members of a population
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AP Biology
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Organizing systems Making sense out of the diversity Hierarchical scheme Loss of order or free energy flow = death Eastern gray squirrel Sciurus carolinensis
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AP Biology 3 Domains of Life Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya EukaryaBacteriaArchaea
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AP Biology Energy transfer Life is an open system need input of energy energy flows through energy comes in, energy goes out need a constant input need input of materials nutrients are recycled around & around ENTROPY RULES! DECOMPOSERS RULE, too! nutrients
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AP Biology Energy utilization You think they’re eating… They’re harvesting energy!
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AP Biology Continuity & change Continuity of life is based on heritable information in the form of DNA DNA – the genetic material – carries biological information from one generation to the next You can make more, a lot like you! TRAITTRAIT
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AP Biology Form follows function The alignment of structure & function is seen at all levels of biology organism cell organelle organ
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AP Biology Regulation Organisms need to maintain a “steady state” in the face of changing conditions maintain homeostasis achieve this through feedback monitor the body like a thermostat turn on when it’s needed, off when its not
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AP Biology Interdependence No organism is an island standing alone communities, ecosystems
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AP Biology Science, technology & society Science & technology must function within the rules of society ethics
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AP Biology Themes Science as a process of inquiry questioning & investigation Evolution Energy transfer Continuity & Change Relationship of structure to function Regulation Interdependence in nature Science, technology & society
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AP Biology What Makes Something Living? Living things share the same 7 characteristics: A. Organization and cells B. Response to stimuli C. Homeostasis D. Metabolism E. Growth and development F. Reproduction G. Evolution
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AP Biology 2007-2008 ANY QUESTIONS?
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