1. Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

2. Objectives To be able to identify the woody biomass properties influencing utilization To be able to identify the three main conversion processes: bio-chemical, thermo-chemical and fiber composite manufacturing To be able to identify and discuss the three general product types obtained from woody biomass conversion: energy, transportation fuel, and industrial products Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

3. Outline Introduction Overview Wood processing residue Properties influencing utilization Conversion processes Products Energy Content Ash Management

4. Introduction Research and innovation is showing that the uses of woody biomass are only limited by our imagination. Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

5. Utilization Overview Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

6. Logging Residue Unconsolidated Comminuted Bundled Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

7. Wood Processing Residue Black Liquor Sawdust Bark Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

8. Other Sources of Woody Biomass Energy plantations Construction waste Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

9. Properties Influencing Utilization Wood composition Moisture content Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

10. Wood composition Cellulose Hemicellulose Lignin Minerals Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

11. Cellulose Nearly half woody biomass Abundant Processed into products Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

12. Hemicellulose 25%-35% Abundant Limited Use Expensive Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

13. Lignin Glue like substance 15%-25% Chemically complex Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

14. Principal Elements Principal elements –Carbon –Hydrogen –Oxygen Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

15. Other Mineral Elements Nitrogen Sulfur Chlorine Heavy metals Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

16. Moisture Content Wet vs dry biomass Impacts conversion process Drier = Higher Energy Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

17. Conversion Processes Bio-chemical Thermochemical Fiber Composite Manufacturing Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

18. Biorefinery Concept Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

19. Bio-chemical Aerobic digestion Anaerobic digestion Fermentation Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

20. Aerobic Digestion Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

21. Anaerobic Digestion Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

22. Fermentation Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

23. Thermochemical Combustion Gasification Pyrolysis Liquefaction Hydrothermal Upgrading Process Fischer-Tropsch Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

24. Combustion Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

25. Gasification Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

26. Pyrolysis Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

27. Liquefaction Minutes vs Eons High pressure High Temperature Increases H to C ratio Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

28. Hydrothermal Upgrading Process Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

29. Fischer-Tropsch Germany Early 20th Century Complex Process Multiple products Multiple conversion processes Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

30. Fiber Composite Manufacturing Strength Density Cost effective Ex. OSB, Glulam, Ceramicrete Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

31. Products Energy Transportation Fuels Industrial Products Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

32. US Energy Supply (data for 2003) Wind 2% Biomass 46% Hydroelectric 46% Geothermal 5% Solar <1% Source: AEO 2004 tables (released in December 2003) based on US energy consumption. Overall breakdown Table A1 (Total Energy Supply and Disposition), and Renewable breakdown Table A18 (Renewable Energy, Consumption by Section and Source). Slide courtesy Mile Pacheco, NREL, US-DOE. Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

33. Liquid Transportation Fuel Ethanol Methanol Biodiesel Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

34. Ethanol In 2005, ethanol displaced 170 million barrels of oil. In 2005, ethanol lowered consumer gas prices by 8 cents per gallon. In 2005, industry produced 4 billion gallons of ethanol. In 2005, ethanol reduced green house gases by 8 million tons. Beginning in 2007, Indy 500 cars will run on ethanol. By 2012, ethanol may displace more than 2 billion barrels of oil. Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

35. Industrial Products Chemicals Bio-based products Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

36. Chemicals Bio-based Acids Bio-based Oils Specialty Chemicals Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

37. Biobased Acids Acetic acid Fatty acids Lactic acids Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

38. Biobased Oils Raw liquefaction oil Pyrolytic bio-oil Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

39. Specialty Chemicals Enzymes 3-HP Syngas Butanol Glycerin Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

40. Biobased Products Pellets Char Glass Aggregates Polymers Anaerobic Digestion Effluent Bioplastics Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

41. Pellets Uniform Easy to handle Easy to transport Burn efficiently Large market Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

42. Char Solid Usable byproduct –Energy –Filtration –Fertilizer Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

43. Ash Content Origin –Minerals in the woody biomass –Soil contamination Properties –Species –Part of tree –Type of waste –Combination with other fuels –Soil and climate –Conditions of combustion Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

44. Ash Management Improves physical and chemical properties Improves growing conditions for vegetation Raises pH in acidic soils Corrects nutrient deficiencies Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

45. Ash Recycling Customize Product –Add select elements –Change physical properties Spread by ground or air Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

46. Credits: Photo and Graphics Slide 5: Bob Rummer, USDA FS; Rien Visser, VT; John Deere Slide 6: Corbis Corporation; Department of Energy Slide 7: M.Ostry, Oregon State University; D. Moorehead, Forestry Images, www.forestryimages.net www.forestryimages.net Slide 10: Wood Science and Engineering, Oregon State University Slide 11: Hasan Jameel, North Carolina State University Slide 12: Thorsten Dittmar, Florida State University Slide 15: Corbis Corporation Slide 16: Daniel Cassidy, USDA CSREES Slide 17: US Department of Energy Slide 26: www.walkinginla.comwww.walkinginla.com Slide 29: J.P. Bond, University of Georgia Slide 31: US Department of Energy Module 5: Utilization of Biomass

47. Slide 36: Dr. David Gingrich Slide 37: Colgin, www.colgin.com Slide 38: Advanced Energy Research Corporation Slide 40: North Energy Associates, LTD. Slide 41: Corbis Corporation Slide 43: W.D. Weiprecht Credits: Photo and Graphics Module 5: Utilization of Biomass