1. 1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

2. 2 Purpose of PPE To protect employees from hazards not eliminated from the workplace

3. 3 Protective Equipment n Personal protective equipment – Eyes – Face – Head – Extremities n Protective clothing n Respiratory devices n Protective shields and barriers

4. 4 Design and Condition n Safe design and construction for work performed n Sanitary and reliable condition – Provided – Used – Maintained n Laundered n Repaired n Replaced n Defective and damaged equipment shall not be used n Must properly fit users

5. 5 Purchase of PPE n The employer is normally responsible for the cost of personal protective equipment. n PPE used by trades may be an exception

6. 6 Protect Against Hazards n Hazards – Physical – Chemical – Biological/Infectious n Capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through (routes of entry) – Inhalation – Skin absorption – Ingestion – Contact with skin and/or eyes

7. 7 Required Implementation n Engineering Control – Ventilation – Isolation – Selected Equipment – Redesign process or procedure n Administrative Control – Personal Hygiene – Maintenance – Hand washing – Scheduled breaks – Assignment schedules

8. 8 Certified Hazard Assessment n Prepared by – Consultant – VA Personnel n Insert - date of written hazard assessment n Insert - how to obtain a copy of the written hazard assessment n Required by 29 CFR 1910.132d

9. 9 Overview of Hazard Assessment n Bloodborne pathogens – Latex gloves – Gown – Safety glasses – Hand washing n Handling trash – Rubber gloves – Safety shoes n Shops – Safety glasses – Safety shoes – Hearing protection n Facilities – Rubber gloves – Non-slip shoes – Safety glasses (when mixing detergents)

10. 10 Reassessment of Hazards Facility safety officer is responsible to reassess workplace hazards as necessary by: – Identifying and evaluating new equipment and processes – Reviewing accident records – Re-evaluating the suitability of previously selected PPE

11. 11 Personal Protective Equipment Program n Defined by insert appropriate facility policy – Ordering – Repair – Maintenance – Other requirements

12. 12 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (29 CFR 1910) n General Requirements -- 132 n Eye and Face Protection --133 n Respiratory Protection --134 n Head Protection --135 n Foot Protection --136 n Electrical Protection -- 137 n Hand Protection -- 138 n Hearing Protection -- 95 n Specialized Standards -- e.g., 1030

13. 13 Eye and Face Protection (29 CFR 1910.133)

14. 14 Hazards to Eyes/Face n Physical – Flying Particles – Molten Metal – Potentially Injurious Light Radiation – Ultraviolet (UV) light n Chemical – Gases or Vapors – Liquids – Acids or Caustics n Biological/Infectious – Blood – Saliva – Semen – Body Tissue – Wastes – Animal Tissue – Potentially Infectious Materials

15. 15 Safety Glasses n Can be used with side shields (Required if flying objects are present) n Plastic – Can fit over corrective lenses – Can be worn alone n Can accommodate most types of prescriptive lenses

16. 16 Goggles n Should fit face snugly (sealing entire eye area) n Specially-coated lenses or ventilation holes may prevent fogging n Anti-fogging materials can be used n When removing goggles, tilt head down so that debris on top of goggles does not fall into eyes

17. 17 Other Eye and Face Protection n Face Shields – Worn for extremely hazardous jobs – Worn with safety glasses or goggles – Do not completely protect face n Hoods – Protect entire head and face – Can be worn with respirators n Sunglasses – Provide protection against sun – Should filter 99 to 100 percent UV – Provide no protection against flying objects – Can reduce chances of cataracts

18. 18 Inspection and Maintenance of Eye and Face Protection n Must be kept clean n Must be free of scratches and other defects that may obstruct vision n Must be disinfected – Periodically, if used by same person – After each use, if shared n Headband should be replaced when slack, worn, or dirty

19. 19 Eye Safety n Review Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for chemicals used – Identify eye protection required – Become familiar with emergency response procedures n Contact Lenses – Do NOT provide protection – Should NOT be worn around chemicals or chemical vapors

20. 20 Laser Eye Safety n Follow guidance of laser manufacturer n Wear safety glasses with filters that protect against the wavelength of light for the laser being used n Partial reflections from Class IV lasers can cause permanent eye damage

21. 21 Head Protection (29 CFR 1910.135)

22. 22 Hazards to Head n Falling or flying objects n Electrical conductors n Contamination from bloodborne pathogens n Sunburn and sunstroke n Cold temperatures

23. 23 Types and Classes of Head Protection n Types of protective hats – Type 1, Helmets - full brim (at least 1.25”) – Type 2, Brimless helmets with peak extending forward from the crown n Classes of industrial head protection – Class A, General service - limited voltage protection – Class B, Utility service - high voltage protection – Class C, Special service - no voltage protection

24. 24 Hard Hats (Class A) n Hard exterior shell n Shock-absorbing lining – Headband – Crown straps n Protects against impact hazards n Used in construction

25. 25 Electrical Bump Hats (Class B) n Protects against impact and penetration AND against high-voltage shock or burn n Can be used where there is a possibility of bumping against a fixed object n Used by electrical workers n Sometimes used in construction

26. 26 Other Head Protection n Safety Hat or Cap (Class C) – Protects against impacts – Provides lightweight comfort – Provides no electrical protection n Hat or Cap – Protects against exposure to sun (4 inch brim) – Protects against exposure to cold (ear flaps) – Generally not considered PPE

27. 27 Specialized Head Protection n Hairnets – Food service employees – Sanitation and cleanliness n Hoods – Can be used in extremely hazardous situations – Can be used with respirators – Can provide eye and face protection n Surgical Caps – Infection control and cleanliness – Worn during medical procedures that involve large amounts of blood n Autopsies n Orthopedic surgery

28. 28 Inspection and Maintenance of Head Protection n Damage – Dents – Cracks – Penetration – Abuse – Mutilation – Other damage that might reduce the degree of protection provided n Visually inspect daily n Clean periodically n May adversely affect protection provided – Paint – Sunlight – Extreme temperatures

29. 29 Foot Protection (29 CFR 1910.136)

30. 30 Foot Hazards and Protection n Hazards to Feet – Falling or rolling objects – Objects that pierce the sole – Electrical exposures – Slipping n Foot Protection – Safety Shoes – Slip Resistant Soles – Shoe Covers – Rubber or Synthetic Boots – Leather Work Boots

31. 31 Safety Shoes n Steel-reinforced toe (protects foot from being pierced or crushed) n Puncture-resistant or heat-resistant soles (optional) n Metal-free non-conductive materials (working around exposed electrical conductors)

32. 32 Other Foot Protection n Boots – Rubber/Synthetic n May be required when working around chemicals n Autopsies – Leather n Recommended for outdoor maintenance activities n Avoid wearing around chemicals n Shoe Covers – May be required for some medical procedures n Slip-resistant Soles – OSHA recommends – Will reduce the number of injuries resulting from slips, trips, or falls

33. 33 Electrical Protection (29 CFR 1910.137)

34. 34 Electrical Protective Equipment (Insulated Rubber) n Required when exposed to electrical hazards – Blankets – Matting – Covers – Line hose – Gloves – Sleeves n Maintained in a safe and reliable condition n Cleaned as needed n Requires periodic electrical testing

35. 35 Inspections n Before each day’s use n Following any incident that caused damage n Insulating properties cannot be degraded n Insulating equipment failing to pass inspections or electrical tests may not be used unless specific requirements are met n Cannot use equipment with: – Hole, tear, puncture, or cut – Ozone cutting or ozone checking – Embedded foreign objects – Swelling, softening, hardening, stickiness, or inelasticity

36. 36 Storage n Location and manner of storage must protect from: – Light – Temperature extremes – Excessive humidity – Ozone – Other injurious substances and conditions

37. 37 Hand Protection (29 CFR 1910.138)

38. 38 Hand Protection n Provided to protect against – Absorption of harmful substances – Severe cuts or lacerations – Severe abrasions – Punctures – Chemical or thermal burns – Harmful temperature extremes n Types of hand protection – Machine guards – Electric eyes – Push sticks – Controls requiring two hands – Gloves

39. 39 Glove Selection Criteria n Selection based on evaluation of performance characteristics – Task(s) to be performed – Conditions present – Duration of use – Hazards and potential hazards identified n Selection based on individual characteristics – Grip – Dexterity – Flexibility – Hand size – Glove length n Too tight - may rip n Too loose - affects grip and comfort

40. 40 General Purpose Gloves n Cotton – Can be specially coated – Allows handling of delicate components – Absorbs oil n Leather – Rough surfaces – Heat – Sparks n Protect against – Abrasion – Cuts – Punctures – Snags – Temperature extremes

41. 41 Cut-resistant Gloves n Designed for use with sharp knives and blades n May contain – Cut-resistant yarns – Composite materials – Metal mesh (Required of most meatcutting and de-boning operations) n Protect against – Cuts – Abrasion n Some may protect against punctures

42. 42 Special Purpose Gloves n Surgical n Examination n Firefighters n Smelters n Welders n Clean rooms n Protect against specific hazards – HIV/Hepatitis – Heat and burns – Patient protection

43. 43 Latex Gloves n Natural – Required for surgery – Can be used for examinations – Label NOT required – Hypoallergenic gloves NOT tested for natural rubber proteins (source of latex allergies) n Synthetic – Cannot be used for surgery – Can be used for examinations – Label NOT required

44. 44 Chemical-resistant Gloves n Must be selected for the specific chemical used (Consult manufacturer’s guidance) n Non-porous n Selection based on – Potential toxic effects of chemicals used – Likely routes of entry – Degree of hazard Protect against – Dermatitis – Chemical burns – Cancer n Resist – Penetration – Permeation – Degradation

45. 45 Penetration n Natural rubber – Protects against liquids that mix with water – Provides no protection against petroleum or oil-based solvents n Synthetic rubber resists – Oils – Greases – Acids – Caustics – Many petroleum products

46. 46 Permeation n Must consult manufacturer’s technical data for specific chemical used n No protective barrier provides permeation protection for all chemicals n Often coated with – Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – Nitrile – Neoprene – Latex

47. 47 Degradation n Signs of degradation – Stiffer – More brittle – Softer – Weaker n Major indication that gloves should be replaced n Inspect before each use – Rips – Holes – Weak seams – Imperfections

48. 48 Hand Safety n Do NOT wear gloves that are damaged n Clean off contaminants before you remove gloves n Remove gloves safely n Properly decontaminate and store gloves n Monitor the condition of your gloves as you work n Follow manufacturer’s guidance for maintenance and storage n Dispose of gloves properly

49. 49 Skin Protection

50. 50 Hazards to Skin n Hazards – Sunburn – Skin Cancer – Dermatitis – Poison ivy, oak, sumac – Insect and animal bites n Protections available – Protective clothing – Sunscreen – Insect repellent – Scheduling of work – Ointments

51. 51 Prevention of Sun Damage n Avoid the sun’s strongest rays (10 a.m. - 4 p.m.) n Wear protective clothing – Broad-brimmed hats – Long pants – Long-sleeved shirts n Wear sunglasses (99 - 100% UV ray protection) n Always wear a sunscreeen with SPF of 15 or more n Avoid sunlamps, tanning beds, and tanning parlors

52. 52 Torso Protection

53. 53 Hazards to Torso n Hazards – Heat – Splashes from hot metals and liquids – Impacts – Cuts – Acids – Radiation

54. 54 Types of Protection n Options – Vests – Jackets – Aprons – Coveralls – Full body suits – Lead lined coverings – Gowns n Materials – Fire retardant wool – Specially treated cotton – Leather – Rubberized fabrics – Disposable suits

55. 55 Lifting or Back Belts n Must follow manufacturer’s guidance n Back belts can be obtained by contacting

56. 56 Appropriate PPE for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens n Does NOT permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to pass through to – Employee’s work clothes – Employee’s street clothes – Undergarments n Under normal conditions of use n Does NOT permit blood or other potentially infectious materials to reach – Skin – Eyes – Mouth – Other mucous membranes n For the duration of time to be used

57. 57 PPE for Bloodborne Pathogens n Gloves n Gowns or aprons n Laboratory coats n Face shields or masks and eye protection n Goggles or glasses with side shields n Mouthpieces n Surgical caps or hoods n Shoe covers or boots n Clinic jackets n Resuscitation bags n Pocket masks n Other ventilation devices

58. 58 Gloves Required for Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens n When reasonably anticipated that employee may have hand contact with – Blood – Other potentially infectious materials – Mucous membranes – Non-intact skin n When performing vascular access procedures n When handling or touching contaminated items or surfaces

59. 59 Hearing Protection (29 CFR 1910.95)

60. 60 Hearing Protectors n If exposed to 85 dB or greater for eight-hour TWA: – Hearing protection must be available – Hearing protection must be worn if n No baseline audiogram has been established n Hearing threshold has changed an average of 10 dB or more at 2000, 3000, or 4000 hertz in either ear n Must be worn if: Duration Sound Level (hours per day) (dBA) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1.5 102 1 105 0.5 110 0.25 or less 115

61. 61 Locations Requiring Noise Protection n Building # – Room ### – Mechanical room – Penthouse n Building # – Room ### – Shop area n Building # – Insert appropriate locations n Building # – Insert appropriate locations

62. 62 Types of Hearing Protectors n Earplugs – Lightweight – Comfortable for long periods of time – Made of soft fibers or foam (self-forming) – Disposable or reusable – Performed, pre-molded, or custom molded n Earmuffs – Easily put on or removed – Require entire ear to fit inside cup (seal) – May interfere with glasses or goggles – Can be designed for use with hard hats

63. 63 General Considerations n Proper initial fit required n Must be used correctly n Must receive training in the use and care of hearing protectors provided n Must be allowed to select hearing protectors from a variety of suitable hearing protectors provided by employer n Must be replaced as necessary

64. 64 Hearing Safety n If you have to shout to talk to someone within 2 or 3 feet - Wear hearing protection n Off-the-job activities (woodworking, shooting, etc.) can hurt your hearing - Hearing protection is recommended n Never remove hearing protection in high noise areas n Do NOT share hearing protection with others

65. 65 Respiratory Protection (29 CFR 1910.134)

66. 66 Hazards Requiring Respirators n Protect against breathing air contaminated with harmful: – Dusts – Fogs – Fumes – Mists – Gases – Smokes – Sprays – Vapors – Infectious biological agents n Healthcare-related exposures that may require respirators: – Tuberculosis – Ethylene oxide – Some chemicals used for disinfection or preservation (morgues) – Animal fecal matter n Other related exposures – Asbestos – Paint fumes

67. 67 Respirators n Types of Facepieces – Half-face – Full-face – Hoods n Types of Respirators – Air Purifying n N95 (Tuberculosis) n Dust, fume, mist n Powered air purifying – Air Supplied n Self-contained breathing apparatus n Air Line

68. 68 General Considerations n Written program required n Medical examination in accordance with ANSI Z88.6 n Annual follow-up n Certification by NIOSH n Selection in accordance with ANSI Z88.2 n Fit testing required in accordance with ANSI Z88.10 n Cleaning and disinfection n Proper storage

69. 69 Emergency Response (29 CFR 1910.120) n Facility Emergency Response Plan addresses PPE if: – An industrial facility intends to use the medical center, if there is an emergency – Medical center provides support during responses to natural phenomenon n Level A - Encapsulating chemical protective suit n Level B - Respiratory protection

70. 70 Summary n PPE must – Protect against the hazard – Protect the route of entry – Be maintained in a safe and sanitary condition – Be used properly n PPE is available by contacting – Your supervisor – Facility safety office personnel n If you have questions concerning PPE provided contact – Your supervisor – Facility safety personnel n If you have questions concerning the health effects associated with PPE contact employee health personnel