1. Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
The Cultural Landscape:
An Introduction to Human Geography

2. What is the purpose of Maps?
Examples of Maps
Brainstorm
Examples

3. Where the Hell is Matt? Pinpoint Indicate As you view the video
Where Matt is on your map.
Take a guess if you are uncertain.

5. Africa is a continent = 54 countries Maps show relationships amongst countries, regions, area, population and culture

6. How do we analyze a Map Open your notebooks Origins of Maps Themes
Map Activity
Writing Activity

7. What are the five themes?
Tools geographer’s use to study features on earth.
Location Absolute and Relative
Place
Movement
Region
Human Environment Interaction

8. What are the five themes?
Tools geographer’s use to study features on earth.
Location Absolute and Relative
Place
Movement
Region
Human Environment Interaction

9. Defining Geography Word coined by Eratosthenes Geo = Earth
Graphia = writing
Geography thus means “earth writing”

10. Oldest Known Maps 7th Century BC World Map 6th Century BC
Ancient City of Babylon
Center : cities shown as
Circles
Seven Islands form a star shape
Catalhoyuk=Turkey
FIGURE 1-2

11. Why are we Changing Maps
Film Clip
Map projections
Why?
Differences

12. Theme 1: Location Two Types of Location Where is It? Absolute
Relative
Where is It?
Why is It There?

13. Absolute Location A specific place on the Earth’s surface
Uses a grid system
Latitude and longitude
A global address

14. New York’s coordinates 40°07' N, 74° W
Absolute Location
New York’s coordinates
40°07' N, 74° W

15. LOCATION Where are we? Relative Location Absolute Location
Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another.
Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block.
Absolute Location
A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location).
Paris France is 48o North Latitude and 2o East Longitude.
The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
You are Here

16. Relative Location Where a place is in relation to another place
Uses directional words to describe
Cardinal and intermediate directions

17. New York’s relative location
New York is bordered by Pennsylvania and New Jersey to the south, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east The Atlantic Ocean forms New York’s east coast.

18. Map Activity
Getting to know our Activity Maps
Map keys, regions, cardinal directions, climate, geographical features, absolute location and relative locations.
FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS STEP BY STEP
You can write on the large activity map
With your partner 1 person can read the directions and the other person can write on the map WORK TOGETHER COMPLETE 2 A, 2 B, and 2 C
2 D place your name on 2 D answer questions 1 and 2
Circle an area on the map that you would like to live, write a paragraph of why you would like to live in that area discuss, climate, topography, culture, resources , use the Atlas for reference
Map Clean up

19. See website for upcoming assignments
9/29 History of the world in 6 classes
Vocabulary due see website
International time zone due 9/29 worksheet
NO Journal Entries due 9/29
Take home due 10/2 will be remitted this week***
Some grading has been completed
Please include cite/quote sources in your writing assignments / citation list
If there is an error in Jupiter Grades leave me your GRADED work and I will review.

20. Complete your Regions Info
Take out your notebooks:
As each person presents 2-3 minutes
Bullet point the country area it is within the world formal, functional and vernacular of the region
This will add to your knowledge of place.

21. Video
Maps and Globes
Different Projections, Lines of Longitude and Latitude
Time Zones

22. Maps and Globes Types of projections
Azimuthal Projection: Polar accurate
Mercator Map: used for navigation
Conical Projection : Cone base little distortion, areas in Middle Latitude

23. Place A place is defined by it’s unique characteristics.
Physical characteristics
Cultural characteristics

24. Physical Maps
Physical maps show what the surface of the Earth looks like.
A physical map highlights Earth’s natural features, such as mountains and forests.

25. Political Maps

26. Contemporary Geography
Geographers ask where and why
Location and distribution are important terms
Geographers are concerned with the tension between globalization and local diversity
A division: physical geography and human geography

27. Your Activity Ten Maps You are assigned a number Go to each map
There are ten maps around the room
Go to each map and
For EACH number ( there are 7 questions for each map
Bullet point the answer for each map indicated by each map number
Your analysis : which two maps accurately depict space, region, projections explain

28. Theme’s
Different themes
Example
revolution
Neolithic Revolution

29. Geography’s Themes
Five Themes of Geography

30. Geography’s Vocabulary
Place a specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic A place is a point.
Examples

31. Movement
Movement

32. Movement

33. What are the five themes?
Tools geographer’s use to study features on earth.
Location Absolute and Relative
Place
Movement
Region
Human Environment Interaction

34. What is it like there, what kind of place is it?
Human Characteristics
What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs.
How many people live, work, and visit a place.
Physical Characteristics
Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc.

35. REGION
Examples of Region
Region Is an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of cultural and physical features
Region

36. Region
The world is divided into different regions based upon similarities & differences.
Climate
Location
Beliefs
Languages
Ethnicity/Race
Types:
Formal
Functional
Perceptual

37. Formal Region Most common/familiar.
Determined by the distribution of a uniform characteristic (physical or cultural)
Location
Climate
Religion
Examples
Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama)
Latin America (spanish-speaking nations)
Tropics (countries located near equator)

38. Perceptual/ Vernacular Region
Groups of areas that provoke a certain stereotype or feeling.
Examples:
The Bronx
The “ghetto”
China town

39. REGIONS How are Regions similar to and different from other places?
Formal Regions
Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities)
Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown).
Functional Regions
Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area).
Vernacular Regions
Regions defined by peoples
perception
(middle east, the south, etc.)

40. Human Interaction/Connections
Connection are relationships among people and objects across barrier of space. Geographers are concerned with the various means by which connections occur

41. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION
How do humans and the environment affect each other?
We depend on it.
People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation.
We modify it.
People modify our environment by
heating and cooling buildings for comfort.
We adapt to it.
We adapt to the environment by wearing
clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and
winter (coats), rain and shine.
Sample terms: Migration, diffusion, globalization

42. Predict and Research Activity
You and your partner have a country within an area of the world
Make a key/Color Code for your map YOU MAY USE THE ATLAS TO LOCATE THE AREA TO COLOR CODE THE CLIMATE, TOPOGRAPHY, FEATURES, YOUR KEY/LEGEND INDICATES YOUR COLOR CODING /SYMBOLS FOR FEATURES
COMPLETE YOUR MAP CODING TODAY
PART 1 THEN ON THE WORKSHEET PREDICT the 5 themes to the area
PART 2 Wednesday Complete your prediction and begin Research your area using the internet Fill in your info chart
Thursday : After 30 minute Quiz
Make a T chart of your prediction , research , begin power point
Writing Activity How did the 5 themes help you predict and conduct research of your country? Work on power point , How accurate were you, What did you learn ?
Monday Present your country to the class/ Power point 3-5 minutes , Pictures depicting the 5 themes . W
Five Themes of Geography Location /Absolute and Relative Place Movement
Region Human Interaction
Timing is tentative !!

43. Complete Regions Take out your notebooks
As each person share their region
Bullet point
Area
Formal
Functional
Vernacular

44. Reminders History of the World in 6 glasses
Vocabulary due: Type or write it on paper and when your vocabulary book is returned staple it, into your book
One worksheet Time Zones : Questions on line and new copies made
Due 9/29
Take home exam due 10/2
There are worksheets on the side board with NO name please verify if it is yours place your name on it and return to me

45. How can we Analyze Maps Different types of maps Scale Space Location
Culture
Ecosystem

46. Maps: Scale Types of map scale
Ratio or fraction
Written
Graphic
Projection transfer locations of Earth surface to a flat map
Distortion
Shape
Distance
Relative size
Direction

47. Why do we need to understand SCALE?
Scale relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
Why do we need to understand SCALE?
Remember that a map is a visual representation of a much larger area of land. Because the Earth is round and maps are flat, it is impossible to create a map with a perfect scale. Some parts of the map will be too large, while others will be too small. The larger a territory represented by a map, the greater that the distortions in scale will be.

48. Space Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects
Space Refers to the physical gap or interval between two objects. Geographers observe that many objects are distributed across space in a a regular manner.
Examples of Space

50. Maps Two purposes As reference tools As communications tools
To find locations, to find one’s way
As communications tools
To show the distribution of human and physical features

51. U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785 Township and range system
Township = 6 sq. miles on each side
North–south lines = principal meridians
East–west lines = base lines
Range
Sections

52. Township and Range System
Figure 1-5

53. Place: Unique Location of a Feature
Place names
Toponym
Site
Situation
Mathematical location

54. Place: Mathematical Location
Location of any place can be described precisely by meridians and parallels
Meridians (lines of longitude)
Prime meridian
Parallels (lines of latitude)
The equator
International Time Zones

55. Map Activity
You have been assigned a number on your worksheet I will indicate where you are to begin
`1) Go to the map I direct you to
2) Each Map is numbered
3) Your worksheet indicates the MAP number
4) Answer Q1-7 based on that map Bullet point your ideas
5) Do not move to the next map until the music stops.
6) As you pass the desk take a candy
Return worksheet to me we will continue on Monday Enjoy your weekend

56. Atlas Work Choose any WORLD MAP from the Atlas pg 6-16
Complete your map with a Legend and topic ( Ex population
Show exact location ( Lines of latitude, longitude) Equator, Tropic of cancer, tropic of Capricorn )
Region you can draw resources, population, transportation, religion etc
Writing Activity Look through your ATLAS Choose ONE REGION How do human’s interact within that area ( example choose one religion, food, clothes, buildings, jobs, population, death, birth, agriculture, music, animals ) paragraph

57. Figure 1-4

58. Contemporary Tools Geographic Information Science (GIScience)
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)
Remote sensing
Geographic information systems (GIS)
Figure 1-7

59. A Mash-up
Figure 1-8

60. The Cultural Landscape
A unique combination of social relationships and physical processes
Each region = a distinctive landscape
People = the most important agents of change to Earth’s surface

61. Types of Regions Formal (uniform) regions Functional (nodal) regions
Example: Montana
Functional (nodal) regions
Example: the circulation area of a newspaper
Vernacular (cultural) regions
Example: the American South

62. Culture Origin from the Latin cultus, meaning “to care for”
Two aspects:
What people care about
Beliefs, values, and customs
What people take care of
Earning a living; obtaining food, clothing, and shelter

63. Cultural Ecology
The geographic study of human–environment relationships
Two perspectives:
Environmental determinism
Possibilism
Modern geographers generally reject environmental determinism in favor of possibilism

64. Physical Processes Climate Vegetation Soil Landforms
These four processes are important for understanding human activities

65. Modifying the Environment
Examples
The Netherlands
Polders
The Florida Everglades
Figure 1-21

66. Scale Globalization Economic globalization Cultural globalization
Transnational corporations
Cultural globalization
A global culture?

67. Space: Distribution of Features
Distribution—three features
Density
Arithmetic
Physiological
Agricultural
Concentration
Pattern

68. Space–Time Compression
Figure 1-29

69. Spatial Interaction Transportation networks
Electronic communications and the “death” of geography?
Distance decay
Figure 1-30

70. Diffusion
The process by which a characteristic spreads across space and over time
Hearth = source area for innovations
Two types of diffusion
Relocation
Expansion
Three types: hierarchical, contagious, stimulus

71. Relocation Diffusion: Example
Figure 1-31

72. The End.
Up next: Population