1. THE 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY

2. THE FIVE THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY Location Place Human-Environment Interaction Movement Regions

3. LOCATION Where are we? Absolute Location A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location). Paris France is 48 o North Latitude and 2 o East Longitude. The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Relative Location Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. You are Here

4. Latitude We can imagine the Earth as a sphere, with an axis around which it spins. The ends of the axis are the North and South Poles. The Equator is a line around the earth, an equal distance from both poles. The Equator is also the latitude line given the value of 0 degrees. This means it is the starting point for measuring latitude. Latitude values indicate the angular distance between the Equator and points north or south of it on the surface of the Earth. Latitude lines are the X-axis. They always come first. They can be given in Degrees, Seconds, Minutes or Decimal Points. Negative numbers mean in the Southern Hemisphere. Latitude lines = Parallel Lines 1 Degree is equal to about 69 miles 1 Minute is equal to 1.15 miles 1 Second is equal to.02 miles (Can you convert to feet?)

5. Longitude Lines of longitude, called meridians, run perpendicular to lines of latitude, and all pass through both poles. Each longitude line is part of a great circle. There is no obvious 0-degree point for longitude, as there is for latitude. Throughout history many different starting points have been used to measure longitude. By international agreement, the meridian line through Greenwich, England, is currently given the value of 0 degrees of longitude; this meridian is referred to as the Prime Meridian. Longitude values are indicate the angular distance between the Prime Meridian and points east or west of it on the surface of the Earth. The Earth is divided equally into 360 degrees of longitude. There are 180 degrees of longitude to the east of the Prime Meridian; when the directional designator is omitted these longitudes are given positive values. There are also 180 degrees of longitude to the west of the Prime Meridian; when the directional designator is omitted these longitudes are given negative values. The 180-degree longitude line is opposite the Prime Meridian on the globe, and is the same going either east or west. We can imagine the Earth as a sphere, with an axis around which it spins. The ends of the axis are the North and South Poles. The Equator is a line around the earth, an equal distance from both poles. The Equator is also the latitude line given the value of 0 degrees. This means it is the starting point for measuring latitude. Latitude values indicate the angular distance between the Equator and points north or south of it on the surface of the Earth. Latitude lines are the X-axis. They always come first. They can be given in Degrees, Seconds, Minutes or Decimal Points. Negative numbers mean in the Southern Hemisphere. Longitude Lines are the Y- axis. They can be given in Degrees, Seconds, Minutes or Decimal Points. Negative numbers mean in the Western Hemisphere. Longitude lines = Meridian Lines 1 Degree is equal to about 69 miles (equator) 49 miles (45 degrees Lat)

6. Multiply decimal by 60 (60 *.6137) The whole number is the minute Multiply the remaining decimal by 60 – This will be the second You try it with the Longitude What are Cardinal and Ordinal Directions? How would you write the coordinates for Boise without Cardinal Directions? Try these numbers – Convert to degrees and tell me the city. (-22.9027800, -43.2075000) (41.8500300, -87.6500500) (-33.9166700, 18.4166700)

7. PLACE What is it like there, what kind of place is it? Human Characteristics What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs. How many people live, work, and visit a place. Physical Characteristics Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegitation, wildlife, soil, etc.

8. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION How do humans and the environment affect each other? We depend on it. People depend on the Tennessee River for water and transportation. We modify it. People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort. We adapt to it. We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.

9. MOVEMENT How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? Human Movement Trucks, Trains, Planes Information Movement Phones, computer (email), mail Idea Movement How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines

10. REGIONS How are Regions similar to and different from other places? Formal Regions Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities) Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown). Functional Regions Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area). Vernacular Regions (Not in your book) Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)

11. Remembering the 5 themes If you can’t remembering what they are just ask MR. HELP!!! M – Movement R – Regions HE – Human Environment interaction L – Location P - Place