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Unit 4: Impact of Industrialization. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution  Published On the Origin of the Species  Concept of natural selection ▪ Creatures.

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Presentation on theme: "Unit 4: Impact of Industrialization. Darwin’s Theory of Evolution  Published On the Origin of the Species  Concept of natural selection ▪ Creatures."— Presentation transcript:

1 Unit 4: Impact of Industrialization

2 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution  Published On the Origin of the Species  Concept of natural selection ▪ Creatures that can adapt to environment better, more apt to survive ▪ These creature’s offspring inherit the features that allowed their parents to survive  Theory of evolution ▪ Over time, all creatures change (evolve) to help them better adapt to environment and survive

3 Many attacked Darwin’s theory on basis that it hinted that Man also evolved from earlier, more primitive life-form Went against traditional Christian beliefs in Genesis

4 1803: John Dalton develops modern atomic theory  All elements consist of tiny particles – atoms  Atoms of different elements are different sizes/mass 1871: Dmitri Mendeleyev organizes the Periodic Table to include all known chemical elements 1898: Marie & Pierre Curie discover polonium and radium  Went on to discover radioactivity (energy released when certain elements break down)

5 Early 1900s, Einstein develops his theory of relativity: 1.Matter cannot move faster than speed of light 2.Motion can only be measured from viewpoint of particular observer; thus, there is no absolute motion, space, or time In addition, Einstein’s idea of e=mc2 was instrumental in idea that a small amount of mass, could create an enormous amount of energy

6 Disease Prevention  1870s: Louis Pasteur  demonstrated link between microbes and disease  Disproved theory of spontaneous generation (life can form from non-living matter)  Developed process of pasteurization (killing bacteria in liquids/foods in order to prevent bacterial growth that leads to disease  Finally, Pasteur created vaccines for anthrax and rabies

7 Surgery & Anesthetics  Crawford Long (surgeon) used the gas known as ether to perform the first anesthetized operation in 1842  1860s: Joseph Lister used carbolic acid to sterilize his surgical equipment & reduce deaths due to infection  Medical care also improved as result of the construction of new hospitals, equipment, & more rigorous academic standards required of future physicians

8 Psychology  1890s: Psychology (study of human mind & behavior) is created  Ivan Pavlov  Studied human behavior through experimentation with animals  Pavlov conditioned behavior of dogs by ringing a bell each time they were fed; eventually dogs would salivate & become excited at just the sound of the bell – conditioned reflex  Pavlov suggested that humans also are/can be influenced by conditioned reflexes

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10  Freud believed that much of human behavior could be understood only through analyzing the sub-conscious (that part of the mind of which the individual is unaware)  Developed technique of psychoanalysis to help his patients get their repressed thoughts out in open before they caused problems or mental illness

11 Sociology – study of the behavior of groups or societies Archaeology – study of ancient cultures/ civilizations before written record through scientific examination of artifacts Anthropology – study of human ancestors (Physical) and human culture (Cultural)


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