1. Korea : Recent Projects in Nuclear, Particle and Astrophysics
Sun Kee Kim
Rare Isotope Science Project
Institute for Basic Science
Joint workshop of the France Japan and
France Korea Particle Physics Laboratories

2. Nuclear, Particles and Astrophysics Researches
Major Accelerator Experiments
have been covered
by Korean Physics community
FNAL : E531, E653, FOCUS, CDF, Dzero
BNL : PHENIX, STAR (RHIC)
JLAB : Nuclear Experiments
KEK : AMY(TRISTAN), Belle (KEKB)
Nuclear Experiments (PS)
J-PARC : Nuclear Experiments, T2K
CERN : L3 (LEP), CMS, ALICE (LHC)
DESY : ZEUS (HERA)
GSI : Nuclear experiments
Non-accelerator Experiments
SuperK : undeground neutrino exp.
ATIC, CREAM, AMS : space based exp.
TA : Ground array for HE cosmic rays
Domestic programs
KIMS (2000- ) – DM search
AMoRE (R&D phase) – DBD search
RENO (2006- )
– Reactor neutrino
RISP ( )
- Construction of accelerator
complex for rare isotope science
RCMST (2006- )
- Space astrophysics program

3. Brief History of Korean Efforts at CERN
: Prehistoric age (individual based)
: LEP age (research group based)
e+ e- collisions at Z0, W pair production energies
ALEPH : KU, KWNU et al., L3: KNU, KAIST et al.
Neutrino oscillation : CHORUS : KSNU et al.
: LHC preparation age (university based)
MOST (Former MEST) funded “Korea-CMS” (~$2M)
12 universities
Superconducting magnet platform (815kCHF)
Forward RPC production (500kCHF)
Online DAQ hardware (500kCHF)
2007-present: LHC age (federation based)
Organization : Ministry, Funding Agency, Research Teams
Federations of universities : Korea CMS, Korea ALICE
Research, communication, competition, evaluation,
M&O-A, M&O-B, contributions to H/W construction
Supporting programs, Fellowship, Education
CMS/ALICE Tier2 computing
Korea-CERN Theory Fellowship
High-School Teacher Educationt
Similar history in other labs
Slides by I.C.Park

4. K-CERN Program Organization
MEST
CERN-Korea Committee (CKC)
K-CERN Program
Review Committee
Korea
CMS
Korea ALICE
Tier2
LCG
Theory
HST
7 univs.
70 members
4 univs.
40 members
CMS: KNU
ALICE: KISITI
KPS
PP div.
High School
Teacher Program
More than 100 members !

5. K-CERN Program budget Budget profile
Small bang  inflation  slow down  accelerating expansion..
Contribution to CMS/ALICE upgrade (LHC LS1, LS2)
Dark Energy : MEST / NRF + visitors + media …
(Unit: 1BWon~M$)
CERN-Korea
Programs
Host
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
KCMS
UOS
0.8
0.75
1.50
1.42
1.45
1.78
KoALICE
PNU
0.2
0.25
0.50
0.58
0.55
0.72
CMS Tier2
KNU -
0.20
ALICE Tier2
KISTI
0.1
Theory
KPS
0.35
M&O-A
NRF
0.14
0.17
0.30
0.27
Total
1.14
1.27
2.95
3.05
3.52

6. Belle and Korean activities
Construction of electromagnetic calorimeter
Fabrication of calorimeter trigger modules
Cluster logics (both on/offline)
DST production manager/DAQ construction
Physics Coordinator (Y.J.Kwon)
Out of 350 papers, we wrote 25 of them
S. K. Choi wrote the historic X(3872) paper

7. Belle-II Belle-II: asymmetric B meson super factory, 2015 – 2025(?)
Almost new spectrometer
- thinned pixel (for the first time in B-factory)
- new DSSD, new drift chamber
- new PID (TOP for barrel, A-RICH for endcap)
- new endcap calorimeter : pure CsI
- new readout (fully pipelined)
- new DAQ/Trigger
Korean group contribution
Drift chamber based online 3D trigger
PWO-II R&D for endcap calorimeter
DSSD assembly
Calorimeter trigger electronics
Institutional Board Chair (E.I. Won)

8. Sites of Domestic Facilities
KIMS, AMoRE
RISP
RENO

9. YangYang Underground Laboratory(Y2L)
(Upper Dam)
Y2L
Located in a tunnel of
Yangyang Pumped Storage Power Plant
Korea Middleland Power Co.
Minimum depth : 700 m
Access to the lab by car (~2km)
Experiments:
KIMS: DM search exp. in operation
AMORE: DBD Search exp. in preparation
(Power Plant)
(Lower Dam)
April/26/2012
KILC12, Daegu, Korea

10. KIMS(Korea Invisible Mass Search) in case of pure proton coupling
DM search experiment with CsI crystal
CsI(Tl) Crystal 8x8x30 cm3 (8.7 kg)
3” PMT (9269QA) : Quartz window, RbCs photo cathode
~5 Photo-electron/keV
SD interaction
PRL 99, (2007)
12 crystals(104.4kg) running
Stable data taking for more than a year
Unique experiment to test DAMA annual modulation
Best limit on SD interactions
in case of pure proton coupling
April/26/2012
KILC12, Daegu, Korea

11. Latest results from KIMS
Using kg data taken during with PSD method
Annual Modulation analysis in progress
2.5 years DATA ( – )
KIMS CsI crystal has 134Cs (2.2 year half-life) contribution at low energy.
Modulation analysis is done including the decay of 134Cs and flat background.

12. Cryogenic CaMoO4 Sensitivity
AMoRE Experiment at Y2L
Double beta decay search with 40Ca100MoO4 crystal
Int. Collaboration : Korea, Russia, Ukraine, China,
Germany in preparation (not funded yet !)
40Ca100MoO4 crystal
Unique in the world (depleted Ca + enriched Mo)
Scintillation crystal + Cryogentic detector
MMC+CMO at low temperature
Energy spectrum for 600 keV gamma
Scintillation readout
good DM detector as well
Cryogenic CaMoO4 Sensitivity
0.5% FWHM 15 keV FWHM for low temp.
5 years, 100 kg 40Ca100MoO4 :
T1/2 = 7.0x1026 years  <m> = 20 – 70 meV
Fully covers inverted hierarchy
April/26/2012

13. Astroparticle physics 34 732 (2011)
AMoRE Low Temperature
First measurement
(CaMoO4 + Metallic Mag. Cal.)
New setup
(Ø4cmx4cm crystal)
MMC Phonon
sensor
11keV FWHM
@ 5.5 MeV
Final setup
(Phonon + light sensors)
Si or Ge
Additional light sensor
(TES or MMC)
CaMoO4
1.7keV FWHM
@ 60 keV
Phonon sensor
Astroparticle physics (2011)

14. KIMS(Korea Invisible Mass Search) collaboration
Seoul National University: H.C.Bhang, J.H.Choi, S.C.Kim, S.K.Kim, J.H.Lee, M.J.Lee, S.J.Lee, S.S.Myung
Sejong University: U.G.Kang, Y.D.Kim, J.I. Lee
Kyungpook National University: H.J.Kim, J.H.So, S.C.Yang
Yonsei University: M.J.Hwang, Y.J.Kwon
Ewha Womans University: I.S.Hahn
Korea Research Institute of Standard Sciences : Y.H.Kim, K.B.Lee, M. Lee
Institute of High Energy Physics J.Li
Tsinghua University : Y.Li, Q.Yue
5 countries
8 institutions
AMoRE Collaboration
Korea (39) Seoul National University : H.Bhang, S.Choi, M.J.Kim, S.K.Kim, M.J.Lee, S.S.Myung, S.Olsen, Y. Sato, K.Tanida, S.C.Kim, J.Choi, S.J.Lee, J.H.Lee, J.K.Lee, H.Kang, H.K.Kang, Y.Oh, S.J.Kim, E.H.Kim, K.Tshoo, D.K.Kim, X.Li, J.Li, H.S.Lee (24) Sejong University : Y.D.Kim, E.-J.Jeon, K. Ma, J.I.Lee, W.Kang, J.Hwa (5) Kyungpook national University : H.J.Kim, J.So, Gul Rooh, Y.S.Hwang(4) KRISS : Y.H.Kim, M.K.Lee, H.S.Park, J.H.Kim, J.M.Lee, K.B.Lee (6) Russia (16) ITEP(Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics) : V.Kornoukhov, P. Ploz, N.Khanbekov (3) Baksan National Observatory : A.Ganggapshev, A.Gezhaev, V.Gurentsov, V.Kuzminov, V.Kazalov, O.Mineev, S.Panasenko, S.Ratkevich, A.Verensnikova, S.Yakimenko, N.Yershov, K.Efendiev, Y.Gabriljuk (13) Ukraine(11) INR(Institute for Nuclear Research) : F.Danevich, V.Tretyak, V.Kobychev, A.Nikolaiko, D.Poda, R.Boiko, R.Podviianiuk, S.Nagorny, O.Polischuk, V.Kudovbenko, D.Chernyak(11) China(2) Tsinghua University : Y.Li, Q.Yue(2) Germany(3) Heidelberg University : C. Enss, A. Fleischmann, L. Gastaldo(3)

15. RENO Collaboration Total cost : $10M Start of project : 2006
(12 institutions and 40 physicists)
Chonbuk National University
Chonnam National University
Chung-Ang University
Dongshin University
Gyeongsang National University
Kyungpook National University
Pusan National University
Sejong University
Seokyeong University
Seoul National University
Seoyeong University
Sungkyunkwan University
Total cost : $10M
Start of project : 2006
The first experiment running with both near & far detectors from Aug. 2011
Slides by S.B.Kim

16. RENO Detector 354 ID +67 OD 10” PMTs
Target : 16.5 ton Gd-LS, R=1.4m, H=3.2m
Gamma Catcher : 30 ton LS, R=2.0m, H=4.4m
Buffer : 65 ton mineral oil, R=2.7m, H=5.8m
Veto : 350 ton water, R=4.2m, H=8.8m

17. Data-Taking & Data Set
Data-taking efficiency
Data taking began on Aug. 1, 2011 with both near and far detectors.
Data-taking efficiency > 90%.
Trigger rate at the threshold energy of 0.5~0.6 MeV : 80 Hz
Data-taking period : 228 days Aug. 11, 2011 ~ Mar. 25, 2012
2 MeV
6 MeV
40K
10 MeV
208Tl
n capture by Gd
Event rate before reduction
A candidate for a neutron capture by Gd

18. Reactor Antineutrino Disappearance
A clear deficit in rate (8.0% reduction)
Consistent with neutrino oscillation in the spectral distortion

21. Science Business Belt
Accelerator complex
Institute for Basic Science

22. Organization of IBS (Institute for Basic Science)
4. Organizational Structure
Board of Directors
Auditor
President
Scientific Advisory Board
Accelerator Institute
(Affiliated Institution)
Office of
Policy Planning
Secretariats
Rare Isotope Science Project
Office of
Research Services
Research Center
(Headquarters)
Research Center
(Campus)
Research Center
(Extramural)
Office of Administrative Services
IBS consists of 50 research centers, supporting organizations, and affiliated research institutes
Each Research Center : ~50 staff, average annual budget ~ 9 M USD
The number of staff: 3,000 (2017, including visiting scientists and students)
Annual Budget: USD 610 million (2017, including operational cost for the Accelerator Institute) 4

23. Research Topics with Rare Isotopes
Nuclear Physics
Exotic nuclei near the neutron drip line
Superheavy Elements (SHE)
Equation-of-state (EoS) of nuclear matter
Origin of Elements
Stellar Evolution
Nuclear Astrophysics
Origin of nuclei
Paths of nucleosynthesis
Neutron stars and supernovae
Nuclear data with fast neutrons
Basic nuclear reaction data for future nuclear energy
Nuclear waste transmutation
Atomic/Particle physics
Atomic trap
Fundamental symmetries
Material science
Production & Characterization of new materials
-NMR / SR
Medical and Bio sciences
Advanced therapy technology
Mutation of DNA
New isotopes for medical imaging
Application of Rare Isotopes

24. Escape Process to rp process from hot CNO cycle 45V 45V(p,γ)46Cr
Isotope
Reaction
Energy
Intensity
Source
Comments
15O
15O(α,γ)19Ne
< 10 A MeV
>1011 pps
ISOL(O-16)
Escape Process to rp process
from hot CNO cycle
45V
45V(p,γ)46Cr
0.613 ~ 2.25 A MeV
>107 ~ 109
IF → ISOL Gas
stopping
Reaction contributing to the
explosion of Core-collapse SN
132Sn
132Sn+208Pb : 204Pt126 +X
>100 A MeV
>109 pps
ISOL(U-238)
Change of nuclear structure,
shell structure near N=126
neutron rich isotopes; 204Pt, 196Yb

25. Making Rare Isotope Beam
Target spallation, fission by energetic light projectile
ISOL(Isotope Separator On-Line)
p  thick target (eg. Uranium Carbide)
fission fragments  rare isotopes
Projectile fragmentation
IF(In-Flight Fragmentation)
Heavy ion beam  thin target
projectile fragmentation
 high energy RI beam or
 stopping and reacceleration

26. Rare Isotope Factory High intensity RI beams by ISOL & IF26
High intensity RI beams by ISOL & IF
70kW ISOL from direct fission of 238U induced by 70MeV, 1mA p
400kW IF by 200MeV/u, 8pμA 238U
High energy, high intensity & high quality neutron-rich RI beams
132Sn with up to ~250MeV/u, up to 9x108 pps
More exotic RI beams by ISOL+IF+ISOL(trap)
Simultaneous operation modes for the maximum use of the facility
Accelerator
Beam specification
Components
Driver Linac
p, 600 MeV, 660 pμA
U+78, 200 MeV, 8 pμA
ECR-IS, LEBT, RFQ, MEBT, QWR, HWR, Charge Stripper, SSR1, SSR2
Post Linac
RI, ~ 18 MeV/u
Charge Breeder, ECL-IS, LEBT
RFQ, MEBT, QWR, HWR
Cyclotron
p, 70 MeV, 1mA
Cyclotron, Pulsed ion source, Charge Stripper, Beam line

27. Concept of the Accelerator Complex
Driver Linac
Future Extension
200 MeV/u (U),
8 pμA
Stripper
18 MeV/u
SCL
RFQ
28 GHz SC ECR IS
H2+, D+
Spallation,
Fission Target
RF Cooler
Mass
Separator
Post Linac
ECR IS
Charge Breeder
10 keV/u
Nuclear Data
Low Energy Experiments
0.3 MeV/u
1~5 MeV/u
High Energy
Experiments
μSR
Medical
Research
400 kW
Target
Fragment
Atomic Trap
70 kW
Cyclotron
Gas
Catcher,
Gas cell
Material
Science
Beta-NMR
U33+
Medical science
Material science
Material science
Atomic / Nuclear physics
Nuclear Physics
Nuclear Astrophysics
Material science, Bio science
Medical science, Nuclear data
SC Linac 200MeV/u for 238U, 600 MeV for p  IF driver, high power ISOL driver
Cyclotron 70 MeV for p  ISOL driver
SC Linac ISOL post accelerator 18 MeV/u

28. Facilities for the scientific researches28
- Design of the experimental facilities in conceptual level
- User training program with the international collaboration
Multi-Purpose Spectrometer
High Resolution Spectrometer
Nuclear Structure
Nuclear Matter
Nuclear Astrophysics
Atomic physics
Nuclear data by fast neutrons
Material science
Medical and Bio sciences
Large Acceptance Multi-Purpose Spectrometer (LAMPS)
Korea Recoil Spectrometer (KRS)
Atom & Ion Trap System
neutron Time-of-Flight (n-ToF)
Β-NMR/NQR
Elastic Recoil Detection (ERD)
Laser Selective Ionizer
Heavy Ion Therapy
Irradiation Facility

29. Conceptual Design of LAMPS (high energy)
Dipole acceptance ≥ 50mSr
Dipole length =1.0 m
TOF length ~8.0 m
Science Goal:
using isototpes with high N/Z at high energy for
Nuclear structure Nuclear EOS
Symmetry energy
EX: : Nuclear collision of
132Sn of ~250 MeV/u
For B=1.5 T,
p/Z ≈ 0.35 GeV/c
at 110o
Low p/Z
High p/Z
For B=1.5 T,
p/Z ≈ 1.5 GeV/c at 30o
Solenoid
magnet
Dipole magnet: We can also consider the large aperture superconducting dipole magnet (SAMURAI type).
Neutron-detector array

31. Status and Plan of the RISP
Conceptual Design report (Mar Feb. 2011)
IAC review (Jul – Oct. 2011)
Rare Isotope Science Project started in IBS (Dec. 2011)
RISP Workshop on accelerator systems (May 6 – 9, 2012)
TAC ( May 10, 2012), IAC( June or July, 2012)
Baseline Design Summary (by June 2012)
Technical Design Report (by June 2013)

32. Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP)
Project: Proton Engineering Frontier Project (PEFP)
21C Frontier R&D Program, MEST, Republic of Korea
Objectives:
To develop a High Power Proton Linac (100MeV, 20mA)
To develop Beam Utilization & Accelerator Application Technologies
To Industrialize Developed Technologies
Period: July 2002 – December 2012
Budget: B KRW (~275.0 M US$)
Gov.: 176.3B(57.3%), Local Gov.: 118.2B(38.5%), Industry: 12.9B(4.2%)
66B KRW to Accel. & Beamline (including R&D & personnel expenses )

33. Schematics of PEFP Linac & Beam Lines
Future Extension
100 MeV Beamlines
20 MeV Beamlines
TR105
TR101
TR25
TR21
TR23
TR22
TR24
TR102
TR103
TR104
100 MeV
20 MeV
3 MeV
20MeV was operated for 5 years at Daejeon
100MeV is now being installed at Gyeongju
Features of the PEFP linac
50 keV Injector (Ion Source + LEBT)
3 MeV RFQ (4-vane type)
20 & 100 MeV DTL
RF Frequency : 350 MHz
Beam Extractions at 20 or 100 MeV
5 Beamlines for 20 MeV & 100 MeV
- Beam to be distributed to 3 BL via AC
Output Energy (MeV) 20
100
Peak Beam Current (mA)
Max. Beam Duty (%) 24 8
Avg. Beam Current (mA)
4.8
1.6
Pulse Length (ms) 2
1.33
Max. Repetition Rate (Hz)
120 60
Max. Avg. Beam Power (kW) 96
160

34. Extension Plan of the 100MeV Proton Accelerator
GeV Linac
100 MeV Linac
Long pulse spallation neutron source
Short pulse spallation neutron source
GeV beam utilization
Injector for high energy machine
Linac requirement : Beam energy ~GeV, Beam power ~ MW, Pulse width ~ ms
Superconducting RF linac is one of candidates for the linac extension
Slides by H.-J. Kwon

35. Accelerator Based HEP Roadmap (2009.4, KHEP Association)
PEFP
100 MeV Proton Accelerator
Try to connect the
PEFP, KoRIA, Photon Facotry Programs
with HEP Plans
2nd Phase PEFP or SC of KoRIA
Superconducting Cavity Technology
As first priorit
Smaill e-Linac for Rare Isotope production
by photofission at KoRIA
RCS(1GeV)
Neutron/Muon Source
SC(1GeV)
Proton Drive (8-10 GeV)
High Power PS – neutrino factory,  Collider
Options:
After 2015 Proton Drive or ILC
KoRIA (Superconducting)
200 MeV Rare Isotope Accelerator
ILC (Superconducting)
500 GeV - 1 TeV e+e- collider
Super Charm
3 GeV e+e- collider
Options considered: ILC or Super Charm, post-ILC
Next ILC
> 3 TeV e+e-
LHC (7+7 TeV)
SLHC
Super KEKB
ILC
J-PARC
FAIR
FRIB

36. Summary Korean Nuclear, Particle, and Astrophysics research programs
Past
- started with international collaboration in individual bases in mid 70s- mid80s
- grow manpower and expertise
Present
- work as team – Korean group in an organized way with government support
- start to play an important role in large international collaboration
- domestic experiments are successfully built and produce important results
Future
- leading science facilities including the rare isotope accelerator will be constructed
 National Laboratory
 contribution to world science community

37. Thank you for your attention !