1. Civil Rights Movement June 2015

2. Overview  Key Concepts  Origins/Segregation  School Desegregation  The Montgomery Bus Boycott  Sit-Ins  Freedom Riders  Desegregating Southern Universities  March on Washington  Voter Registration  The End of the Movement

3. Origins For African Americans, the path from slavery to full civil rights was long and difficult. Several developments during the 1950s and 1960s legally guaranteed full citizenship: Civil Rights for African Americans Development: Protests Sit Ins Montgomery Bus Boycott Development: Johnson Presidency Civil Rights Act of 1964 Voting Rights Act of 1965 Development: Warren Court Brown v. Board of Education

4. Segregation  Civil Rights movement was a political, legal, and social struggle to gain full citizenship rights for African Americans  Challenged segregation  Movement challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities:  Protest marches  Boycotts  Refusal to abide by segregation laws

5. Segregation  Jim Crow Laws  Followed Reconstruction  Disenfranchisement  Denial of voting rights  Between 1890 – 1910 all Southern States passed laws imposing requirements for voting  15 th Amendment  Poll Tax  Literacy Test

6. Segregation  Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)  “Separate but equal”  Niagara Movement (1905)  W.E.B. Du Bois  NAACP (1909)  National Association for the Advancement of Colored People  National Urban League (1910)  Help transition to urban life  CORE (1942)  Congress of Racial Equality

7. School Desegregation  Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP  Overturned many forms of discrimination  Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)  Warren Court  Racially segregated was unconstitutional  Many opposition to desegregation  Little Rock Nine  Schools were desegregated only in theory  Racially segregated neighborhoods  segregated schools  Busing in the 1970s  Boston Busing