1. “T’ien Ming” The Mandate of Heaven – 1.Divine approval 2.Lead by ability and virtue. 3.The dynasty's leadership must be justified by succeeding generations. 4.The mandate could be revoked by negligence and abuse

2. The Dynastic Cycle Strong dynasty Establishes Peace and prosperity Lives of common people improved; taxes reduced; farming encouraged. Problems Begin Taxes raised, dynasty corrupt Droughts, floods, famines occur. Old Dynasty seen as lost Mandate Poor lose respect for govt. They join rebels & attack landlords. Dynasty overthrown Through rebellion New Dynasty emerges Start here 

3. Dynasty’s of Ancient China  Zhou Dynasty –  Bureaucratic Govt.  Confucianism ○ Feudalism – nobles use land belongs to king in return for loyalty and military service Roads, canals, coined money, iron ○ Farming easier, produce more, farmers thrive

4. Dynasty’s (cont)  Qin Dynasty Legalist – unify country Autocracy – unlimited power in arbitrary way Great Wall of China – laborers worked or died, built for protection from Mongolians

5. THE EARLY HAN DYNASTY Confucianism ○ Centralized government and expansion Bureaucracy rule taxes on agriculture, trade, and craft  Iron, Farming tools Silk textiles – trade west Paper production Silk Road built

6. HAN TROUBLES Tension between poor and rich Raised taxes Defense consumed against nomads Problems of land distribution Early Han supported land redistribution Small landowners to sell property, few had land left Some sold into slavery Collapse of the Han Central government paralyzed Han dissolved China divided into regional kingdoms

7. Mauryan Empire  Asoka - King of the Mauryan Empire  Bureaucratic  Promotes Buddhism for religious tolerance and his mission to promote nonviolence

8. Gupta Empire  Hinduism  Families were patriarchal  Southern India families were matriarchal  Decimal system, concept of zero

9. Persian Empire  Cyrus (Persian king),  Darius (noble of ruling dynasty)  Zoroaster – God of Light God of Darkness  Installed satrap (local governor), Royal Road (road system), standard money and tribute