1. LIGO-India An Indo-US joint mega-project concept proposal by IndIGO (Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations) Version: TS Jun 9, 2011

2. GW Astronomy with Intl. Network of GW Observatories GW Astronomy with Intl. Network of GW Observatories LIGO-LLO: 4km LIGO-LHO: 2km, 4km GEO: 0.6km VIRGO: 3km TAMA: 0.3km LIGO-Australia? 1. Detection confidence 2. Source direction 3. Polarization info. LIGO-India ?

3. Laser Interferometer GW Observatory 4 km: 1.2m diameter high vaccum tubes India 180 W (Germany) Seismic isolation Stacks (GEO, UK) Optics & controls (USA) 40 kg Fused silica mirrors (USA) Fig from LIGO-AUS report?

4. If retained get better res picture Era of Advanced LIGO detectors: 2015

5. Courtesy: B. Schultz, GWIC Roadmap Document 2010 Gravitational wave Astronomy : Synergy with other major Astronomy projects: SKA: Radio : Pulsars timing, X-ray satellite (AstroSAT) Gamma ray observatory Thirty meter telescope: gamma ray follow-up,…

6. INDIGO: the goals Major experimental science science initiative in GW astronomy  LIGO-India (Letter from LIGO Labs) – Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector shipped to India. – India provides suitable site and infrastructure to house the GW observatory – Site, two 4km armlength high vacuum tubes in L config. – Indian cost ~Rs 1000Cr  Earlier plan: Partnership in LIGO-Australia (a diminishing possibility) – Advanced LIGO hardware for 1 detector shipped to Australia at the Gingin site, near Perth. NSF approval – Australia and International partners find funds (equiv to half the detector cost ~$200M) within a year. – Indian partnership at 15% with full data rights. Consolidated IndIGO membership of LIGO Science Collab. + propose creating a Tier-2 data centre for LSC in IUCAA + IUSSTF IndoUS joint Centre at IUCAA with Caltech (funded) Provide a common umbrella to initiate and expand GW related experimental activity and training new manpower – 3m prototype detector in TIFR (funded). Unnikrishnan – Laser expt. RRCAT, IIT M, IIT K | High Vaccum & controls at IPR, BARC, ISRO, …. – UG summer internship at Natn. & Intl GW labs & observatories. – Postgrad IndIGO schools, specialized courses,…

7. Multi-Institutional Consortium 1.IUCAA 2.TIFR 3.RRI 4.RRCAT 5.IPR 6.CMI 7.Delhi University 8.IISER Kolkata 9.IISER Trivandrum 10.IIT Chennai IIT Kanpur Jamia Milia

8. The IndIGO Consortium Data Analysis & Theory 1.Sanjeev Dhurandhar IUCAA 2.Bala Iyer RRI 3.Sukanta Bose, Wash. U., USA 4.B. S. Sathyaprakash Cardiff University, UK 5.Anand Sengupta Delhi University 6.Archana Pai IISER, Trivandrum 7.Sanjit Mitra JPL, Caltech  IUCAA 8.K G Arun Chennai Math. Inst., Chennai 9.P Ajith Caltech, USA 10.Rajesh Nayak IISER, Kolkata 11.A. Gopakumar TIFR, Mumbai 12. Soumya MohantyUTB, Brownsville, USA 13.Badri KrishnanMax Planck AEI, Germany 14.Tarun Souradeep IUCAA 15.T R SeshadriDelhi University 16.Patrick Dasgupta Delhi University 17.Sanjay Jhingan Jamila Milia, Delhi 18.L. Sriramkumar, Phys., IIT M 19.Bhim P. SarmaTezpur Univ. Instrumentation & Experiment 1.C. S. Unnikrishnan TIFR, Mumbai 2.Rana Adhikari Caltech, USA 3.Sendhil RajaRRCAT, Indore 4.Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT M 5.Pradeep Kumar, EE, IIT K 6.Suresh Doravari Caltech, USA 7.Ajai Kumar IPR, Gandhinagar 8.Ranjan Gupta IUCAA, Pune 9.Jiwan Mittal RRCAT, Indore 10.S Shukla RRCAT, Indore 11.Raja Rao ex RRCAT consultant 12.G Rajalakshmi TIFR, Mumbai 13.Biplab Bhawal Independent(Google) IndIGO Council 1.Bala Iyer ( Chair) RRI, Bangalore 2.Sanjeev Dhurandhar (Science) IUCAA, Pune 3.C. S. Unnikrishnan (Experiment) TIFR, Mumbai 4.Tarun Souradeep (Spokesperson) IUCAA, Pune

9. Committees: National Steering Committee: Kailash Rustagi (IIT, Mumbai) [Chair] Bala Iyer (RRI) [Coordinator] Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA) [Co-Coordinator] D.D. Bhawalkar P.D. Gupta (RRCAT) J.V. Narlikar (IUCAA) Ajit Kembhavi (IUCAA) G. Srinivasan International Advisory Committee Rana Adhikari (LIGO, Caltech, USA) David Blair (AIGO, UWA, Australia) Adalberto Giazotto (Virgo, Italy) P.D. Gupta (Director, RRCAT, India) James Hough (GEO, GWIC Chair; Glasgow, UK) Kazuaki Kuroda (LCGT, Japan) Harald Lueck (GEO, Germany) Nary Man (Virgo, France) Jay Marx (LIGO, Director, USA) David McClelland (AIGO, ANU, Australia) Jesper Munch (Chair, ACIGA, Australia) B.S. Sathyaprakash (GEO, Cardiff Univ, UK) Bernard F. Schutz (GEO, Director AEI, Germany) Jean-Yves Vinet (Virgo, France) Stan Whitcomb (LIGO, Caltech, USA) IndIGO structure Courtesy: Unnikrishnan

10. LIGO-India: Why is it a good idea? for India Have a 20 year legacy and wide recognition in the Intl. GW community. (Would not make it to the GWIC report, otherwise!) – AIGO/LIGO/EGO strong interest in fostering Indian community – GWIC invitation to IndIGO join as member (Jul 2011) Jump start direct participation in GW observations/astronomy – going beyond analysis methodology & theoretical prediction --- to full fledged participation in experiment, data acquisition, analysis and astronomy results. For once, may be perfect time to a launch into a promising field (GW astronomy) well before it has obviously blossomed. Provides an exciting challenge at an International forefront of experimental science. Can tap and siphon back the extremely good UG students trained in India. (Sole cause of `brain drain’). – 1 st yr summer intern 2010  MIT for PhD – Indian experimental scientist  Postdoc at LIGO training for Adv. LIGO subsystem Indian experimental expertise related to GW observatories will thrive and attain high levels due to LIGO-India. – Sendhil Raja, RRCAT, Anil Prabhakar, EE, IIT Madras, Pradeep Kumar, EE, IITK Photonics – Vacuum expertise with RRCAT (Shukla), IPR (Ajai Kumar)

11. LIGO-India: Why is it a good idea? … for the World Strategic geographical relocation for GW astronomy – sky coverage gain: – distance: – duty cycle: Potentially large science community in future – Indian demographics: youth dominated – need challenges – excellent UG education system already produces large number of trained in India find frontline research opportunity at home. Large data analysis trained manpower and facilities exist (and being created.

12. Courtesy: B. Schultz: GWIC Roadmap Document GWIC: Gravitational Wave International Committee

13. Indo-Aus.Meeting, Delhi, Feb 2011

14. LIGO-India: the concept … LIGO Lab approached with concept proposal for joint mega-project --- strategic geographical relocation of Advanced LIGO interferometer detector funded and ready to be shipped by US Indian contribution in infrastructure :  site  vacuum system  Related Controls  Data centre  trained manpower for installation, commissioning and running for 10 years

15. LIGO-India: … the Opportunity Part of a fundamental scientific discovery : direct detection of gravitational radiation Part of “historic” launch of a new window of Astronomy LIGO-India: Southernmost, hence, Unique role in the Intl. GW observatory network. Full detector at about half the cost is the naïve calculation. Adv. LIGO detector system is worth 15 years of challenging R &D – price tag? Indian Labs & Industry

16. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation - the science gain Sky coverage : Synthesized Network beam (antenna power)

17. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation - the science gain Sky coverage: ‘reach’ /sensitivity in different directions

18. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation Source localization error 5-15 degrees to ~degree !!! Ellipses version as in LIGO-Aus proposal ?

19. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation Polarization info Sky coverage ?

20. LIGO-India: … the opportunity Strategic Geographical relocation Network: HIJLV GMRT Bangalore Mean horizon distance: 1.57 1.63 Detection Volume: 12.0 12.0 Volume Filling factor: 73% 66% Triple Detection Rate(80%): 8.62 8.64 Triple Detection Rate(95%): 11.1 11.1 Sky Coverage: 100% 100% Directional Precision: 2.93 3.00 Figure?

21. LIGO-India: … the opportunity LIGO-India : Technology gain 180 W pre-stablized Nd:YAG laser Input condition optics, including electro-optic modulators, Faraday isolators, a suspended mode-cleaner (12-m long mode-defining cavity), and suspended mode- matching telescope optics. five "BSC chamber" seismic isolation systems (two stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages capable of ~200 kg payloads) six "HAM Chamber" seismic isolation systems (one stage, six degree of freedom, active isolation stages capable of ~200 kg payloads) eleven Hydraulic External Pre-Isolation systems (mount external to chamber for longer range and lower frequency isolation and actuation 10 interferometer core optics (test masses, folding mirrors, beam splitter, recycling mirrors) Relative valuation ?

22. LIGO-India: … the opportunity LIGO-India : Technology gain * Five quadruple stage large optics suspensions systems * Triple stage suspensions for remaining suspended optics * Baffles and beam dumps for controlling scattering and stray radiation * Optical distortion monitors and thermal control/compensation system for large optics * Photo-detectors, conditioning electronics, actuation electronics and conditioning * Data conditioning and acquisition system, software for data acquisition * Supervisory control and monitoring system, software for all control systems * Installation tooling and fixturing Relative valuation ?

23. LIGO-India: … the challenges Organizational  National level mega-project  Identify a lead institution and agency  Project leader  Train manpower for installation & commissioning  Generate & sustain manpower running for 10 years.  Site  short lead time  International competetion Technical  vacuum system  Related Controls   Data centre

24. LIGO-India: … the challenges Trained Manpower for installation & commissioning Requirements: From LIGO requirements doc Plans & Preliminary exploration: Sendhil doc

25. Indo-US centre for Gravitational Physics and Astronomy Centre of Indo-US Science and Technology Forum (IUSSTF) Exchange program to fund mutual visits and facilitate interaction. Nodal centres: IUCAA, India & Caltech, US. Institutions: Indian: IUCAA, TIFR, IISER, DU, CMI - PI: Tarun Souradeep US: Caltech, WSU - PI: Rana Adhikari APPROVED for funding (Dec 2010)

26. LIGO-India: … the challenges Generate manpower for sustenance of the Intl. observatory Requirements: Plans & Preliminary exploration: Summer internships in Intl labs underway IndIGO schools Proposals: Post graduate school specialization course

27. LIGO-India: … the challenges Large scale ultra-high Vacuum enclosure Requirements: Preliminary exploration:

28. LIGO-India: … the challenges Indian Site Requirements: Low seismicity Low human generated noise Air connectivity, Acad institution, labs, industry Preliminary exploration: IISc new campus & adjoining campuses near Chitra Durga 1hr from Intl airport low seismicity National science facilities complex plans

29. LIGO-India: … the challenges Short lead time Requirements: Preliminary exploration:

30. LIGO-India: … the challenges Internation competition Issues: Preliminary assessment:

31. The IndIGO data analysis centre  Tier -2 centre with data archival and computational facilities  Inter-institutional proposal for facility  Propose for a high-throughput Computation and GW Data Archival Centre.  Will provide fundamental infrastructure for consolidating GW data analysis expertise in India. Tier 0 LIGO Sites at Hanford, Livingston Data acquisition systems Tier 1 LIGO Labs at Caltech Tier 2 LIGO Lab at MIT, LSC institutions like UWM, Syracuse etc IndIGO Data Analysis Centre Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

32. Objectives of the data centre Tier 2 Data Centre at IUCAA Archival Community development Indian Researchers and Students TIER3 centres at Univ & IISERS Other science groups Web Services Collaboration tools Analysis LSC LIGO Data Grid LIGO Data Grid as a role model for the proposed IndIGO Data Analysis Centre. Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

33.  Primary Science: Online Coherent search for GW signal from binary mergers using data from global detector network  Role of IndIGO data centre  Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of g-wave data and analysis  Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave community.  Puts IndIGO on the global map for international collaboration with LIGO Science Collab. wide facility. Part of LSC participation from IndIGO  100 Tflops = 8500 cores x 3 GHz/core Need 8500 cores to carry out a half decent coherent search for gravitational waves from compact binaries. (1 Tflop = 250 GHz = 85 cores x 3 GHz / core)  Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.  Network: gigabit backbone, National Knowledge Network. Courtesy: Anand Sengupta, IndIGO IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations

34. Future GWDA Plans of IndIGO (as part of LSC) Project leads: Sanjit Mitra, T. Souradeep, S. Dhurandhar …  Extend GW radiometer work (Mitra,Dhurandhar, TS,…2009)  Implementation of the cross-correlation search for periodic sources (Dhurandhar + collab.)  Burst Sources Formulation Implementation Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

35. Vetoes for non-Gaussian noise for coherent detection of inspirals Project leads: Anand Sengupta, Archana Pai, M K Harris.  Non-Gaussian noise plagues the detector data  Vetoes have been developed in LSC for removal of non-Gaussian noise in the single detector case  For coincidence search the veto is obvious but for coherent not so.  Developing a veto for coherent is crucial – chi squared  Scope for improving the current chi squared test – Japanese collaboration 8th February Delhi Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

36. Tests of General Relativity using GW observations Project leads: K G Arun, Rajesh Nayak and Chandra Kant Mishra, Bala Iyer  GWs are unique probes of strong field gravity. Their direct detection would enable very precise tests of GR in the dynamical and strong field regime.  Preparing data analysis algorithms for AdvLIGO in order to test GR and its alternatives is one of the important and immediate goals of LSC.  Plan to take part in the activity to develop parameter estimation tools based on Bayesian methods.  Possible collaboration with B S Sathyaprakash (Cardiff University) & P Ajith (Caltech). Courtesy: S. Dhurandhar

37. Summary (& next steps?)

38. THE END

39.  Need for a IndIGO data centre  Large Tier-2 data/compute centre for archival of g-wave data and analysis  Bring together data-analysts within the Indian gravity wave community.  Puts IndIGO in the global map for international collaboration  LSC wide facility would be useful for LSC participation  Functions of the IndIGO data centre  Data archival: Tier-2 data centre for archival of LIGO data. This would include data from LIGO-Australia. LIGO Data-Grid Tools for replication.  Provide Computation Power: Pitch for about 8000 cores  Compare with AEI (~5000 cores), LIGO-Caltech (~1400 cores), Syracuse cluster (~2500 cores).  Main considerations for data centre design  Network: gigabit backbone, National Knowledge Network. Indian grid!  Dedicated storage network: SAN, disk space  Electrical power, cooling, Air-Conditioning: requirements and design  Layout of rack, cabling  Hardware (blades, GPUs etc.), middleware (Condor, Globus), software (Data Monitoring Tools, LALApps, Matlab) IndIGO Data Centre@IUCAA Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

40. Summary: data centre requirements  100 Tflops = 8500 cores x 3 GHz/core Need 8500 cores to carry out a half decent coherent search for gravitational waves from compact binaries. (1 Tflop = 250 GHz = 85 cores x 3 GHz / core)  Storage: 4x100TB per year per interferometer.  Cost ~ 25 crores (Comp. hardware alone)  3/4 crores startup - to facilitate the close Intl. interactions required with existing LSC data centres & labs. Large scale LD analysis tools training required. Summer internships, meetings/conference/schools,…  As part of planned HPC data centre at IUCAA ? Courtesy: Anand Sengupta

41. LIGO-Australia: Idea and Opportunity The NSF approved grand decision to locate one of the planned LIGO-USA interferometer detector at Gingin site, W. Australia to maximize science benefits like baseline, pointing, duty cycle, technology development and international collaboration. The proposal from Australian consortium envisages IndIGO as one of the partners to realize this amazing opportunity. - Indian contribution in hardware (end station vacuum system, and controls), Data centre, manpower for installation and commissioning.

42. Indo-Aus.Meeting, Delhi, Feb 2011