1. Middle Childhood 6yrs-11yrs

2. Bullying Presented by: Craig DiPietro David Hayes Laura Maughan Liliana Padilla Brianna Platt

3. Bullying Bullying is the use of force or coercion to abuse or intimidate others. The Behavior can be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or physical power. It can include verbal harassment or threat, physical assault and may be directed repeatedly towards particular victims such as their race, religion, gender, sexuality or ability. Victims are refereed to as a “Target”

4. Points to be Presented What makes a Bully- Lilianna Effects and the Effects of Punishments-Craig Culture Differences- David Abuse-Brianna Preventions-Laura

5. Three Basic Types Emotional Verbal Physical Bullying ranges from simple one-on-one to multiple people that are the bully’s. Bullying can occur in any context in which human beings interact with each-other. Including school, work, church, family, home, and neighborhoods.

6. What makes a Bully? Violent and Abusive homes Choice of Friends Disorders

7. Violent and Abusive Homes Parental maltreatment and emotion dis-regulation are risk factors for bullying in middle childhood. Many children come from homes were there are so many problems that they are neglected emotionally or were the relationship between their parents is poor, stressful, or even abusive. Children who are raised in abusive homes learn that violence is an effective way to resolve conflicts and problems resulting in being bullies later in their middle childhood.

8. Disorders Many disorders can impact the way a children develops physically and mentally resulting to be an aggressive children who will eventually grow up to be a bully for example: Anti-social personality disorder: A mental health condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating,exploiting, or violating the rights of others. ADHD(Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder): Condition were a person is inattentive,impulsive, and overactive and has a great difficulty concentrating.

9. How can these disorders affect a child to become a bully?

10. Anti-social Personality Disorder Children Will want to fight often choosing those who are the weakest. Children will be good at flattery and manipulate other people's emotions resulting in hurting them emotionally later on. They will often be angry an arrogant causing to hurt and constantly bully other children.

11. ADHD Children will be impulsive and will bully others. He/she will have trouble having friends, and will feel the urge for attention which may lead to bullying not only mentally but physically.

12. How does choice of friends influence bullying? Children Who become friends with bullies watch them bullying others so they think its right. Children want to fit in with their friends and begin bullying. Bullies are usually intimidating and others look at them as powerful, cool, and even as popular kids which makes other children want to be like them.

13. Abuse Bullies are more likely to have behavioral, emotional, or learning problems than their peers, and to have parents who use physical discipline Some youth involved in bullying have experienced victimization in their homes and communities outside of school. Youth well-being can be damaged when this occurs

14. Family Violence creates vulnerability for bullying perpetration or victimization Bully-victims reported the most child maltreatment at 44% Bully-victims also reported the highest rate of sexual victimization at 32%

15. Bully-victims and bullies witness higher levels of victimization within their homes and communities. 59% of bully-victims are exposed to domestic violence and witnessing attacks outside of the home While 61% of bullies are exposed to victimization

16. Effects of Bullying Bullying children during the middle childhood years is a sensitive period for their development of a self concept. Bullying can result in a child feeling increased anxiety, depression, alienation, and lower academic achievement.

17. “African American and Latino children and children living in poverty and who had emotional, developmental, or behavioral problems had higher odds of bullying, as did children of parents who felt angry with their child or who felt their child bothered them a lot or was hard to care for.” Quotations from Glenn Flores “Victims have higher levels of chronic anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic complaints, lower-self esteem, and poor psychosocial adjustment as adults, and greater likelihood of perpetrating school shootings.” “Parent training and education are essential components of effective interventions to reduce bullying, which suggested that parental characteristics and behavior may influence child bullying.” “Children who always or usually completed homework and had parents who talked with them and met all or most of their friends had lower bullying odds.”

18. Psychological Effects of Bullying In a longitudinal study done on 6,000 students from the ages 8, 10, and 12, researchers studied to see if bullying during the ages of 8 and 10 increased the risk for children by age 12 to develop psychotic symptoms. The study found, “being victimized during middle childhood doubled the risk of experiencing definite psychotic symptoms in early adolescence.”

19. Researchers refer to a term called “dose response”, “the more bullying the child experienced the higher the possibility of experiencing psychotic symptoms. Long and Short Term Effects

20. Punishments Now that bullying is becoming more of a problem in schools. Teachers, parents, and school officials are looking for the most effective way to punish bullies.

21. “ The law specifically requires schools to create certain policies for prevention, training, and enforcement concerning behavior that may lead to bullying.” “Students who violate anti- bullying provisions face suspension and expulsion; whereas schools and districts may face large monetary fines arising out of civil liability claims.” “Students who engage in certain acts associated with bullying may be suspended or expelled from a school or district, as well as face civil fines and criminal penalties, including jail time, depending on the specific violation.”

22. A 68yr school bus driver bullied She didn't want to press charges on the four seventh graders but the school district took responsibility to punish them. Their punishment included: 1yr suspension from school. 1yr suspension from bus transportation. 50hrs of community service with senior citizens. Completement of an anti-bullying program.

23. Bully Preventions Primary Prevention Secondary Prevention Tertiary Prevention

24. Primary Preventions Promote a friendly environment Establish clear basic rules with students. Setting firm limits on unacceptable behavior. Clarify the consequences if bullying happens. Motivate teachers and staff to develop a positive interest in the lives of students. Extra-curricular activities Be a positive adult role model. Cooperative learning

25. Secondary Preventions All actions taken by teachers or school staff that have a corrective and shaping effect on behaviors Use corrective action Provide a caring demanding and protecting relationship. Mediation between students and parents involved.

26. Tertiary Preventions The fours “A's” Attachment: positive social relationships are prerequisites for pro-social behavior. Achievement: creating positive exceptions means refusing to accept low achievement at school Autonomy: true discipline resides more in demanding responsibility that in obedience Altruism: by helping others, young people discover their own self-confidence.

27. Anti-Bully programs In schools they teach children to respect everyone. Think before you speak, could it be hurtful? Stand up for others and speak up. If you see bullying happening, tell an adult and be kind to those being bullied.

28. Prevention at home Parents might not understand that they bully. Parents need to understand that their children learn by example. They need to think about their own behavior and how they treat or bully others...

29. Stop Bullying It is very important to report bullying. Stand up and speak out! Don't assume you know why someone is a bully, they might be a victim themselves. Reinforce good friendships and be supportive.