1. Slide 3.1 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Strategy options External analysis Internal analysis Sustaining competitive advantage Internal organisation Implementation Exploring new market spaces Interaction with suppliers Interaction with users/customers Creating and capturing value Strategic analysis Strategy implementation 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 E-business strategy Mobile e-commerce strategy 12 Opportunities/ threats Strengths/ weaknesses Exhibit 2.2 The e-business strategy framework consists of three main steps Strategy formulation

2. Slide 3.2 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Chapter 3: External analysis: The impact of the web on the macro- environment and on the industry structure of e-business companies  Analyse trends in the macro-environment and explain their implications for e-business ventures.  Understand the value of the five forces industry framework for the analysis of industry attractiveness.  Explain the key characteristics of the co-opetition framework and show how it expands the five forces industry framework.  Define industries, segment and target markets for e-business applications. After this session you should be able to address the following topics:

3. Slide 3.3 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Remote Macro environment Social environment Techno- logical environment Economic environment Legal & political environment Natural environ- ment Company Customers Industry environment Competitors Exhibit 3.1 E-business companies are impacted by their industry and macro-environment Source: Adapted from H. Hungenberg (2006), p. 90.

4. Slide 3.4 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Industry competition Potential entrants SuppliersBuyers Substitutes Threat of new entrants Bargaining power of suppliers Threat of substitutes Bargaining power of buyers Rivalry among existing firms Exhibit 3.2 Five forces influence the attractiveness of an industry Source: Adapted from M. Porter (1998), p. 4.

5. Slide 3.5 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Rivalry among existing competitors Bargaining power of suppliers Bargaining power of channels and end users Threat of substitute products or services Barriers to entry (–) Reduces barriers to entry such as the need for a sales force, access to channels and physical assets. (–) Internet applications are difficult to keep proprietary from new entrants. (–) A flood of new entrants has come into many new industries. (+) Eliminates (–) Shifts powerful bargaining channels or power to improves consumers. bargaining (–) Reduces power over switching traditional costs. channels. (–) Reduces differences among competitors as offerings are difficult to keep proprietary. (–) Migrates competition to price. (–) Widens the geographic market, increasing the number of competitors. (–) Lowers variable cost relative to fixed cost, increasing pressure for price discounting. (+/–) Procurement using the Internet tends to raise bargaining power over suppliers, though it can also give suppliers access to more customers. (–) The Internet provides a channel for suppliers to reach end users, reducing the leverage of intervening companies. (–) Internet procurement and digital markets tend to give all companies equal access to suppliers, and gravitate procurement to standardised products that reduce differentiation. (–) Reduced barriers to entry and the proliferation of competitors downstream shifts power to suppliers. (+) By making the overall industry more efficient, the Internet can expand the size of the market. (–) The proliferation of Internet approaches creates new substitution threats. Source: Reprinted from M. Porter (2001) Exhibit 3.3 The Internet has a profound impact on the five forces that influence industry attractiveness

6. Slide 3.6 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Positive interactions in industry Joint setting of technology/ industry standards Joint developments Joint lobbying “Complementors” (GM, Ford, Chrysler  Covisint ) ( Co-opetitio n - Companies that at the same time co-operate and compete with each other)

7. Slide 3.7 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Competitors Supplier Buyer Complementors Firm Source: Adapted from A. Brandenburger and B. Nalebuff (1998), p. 17 Exhibit 3.4 The value network outlines the main players in the co-opetition framework

8. Slide 3.8 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Business-to-consumer (e.g. Ducati.com) Consumer-to-consumer (e.g. ebay) Peer-to-peer (e.g. Napster) Citizen-to-citizen (French presidential election 2007) Consumer-to-business (e.g. Amazon.com) Business-to-busines (e.g. Covisint.com) Government-to- citizen (e.g. information about pension statements of citizens) Government-to-business (e.g. information about most recent legal regulations) Citizen -to-government (e.g. online tax return forms) Business-to-government (e.g. online filing of corporate tax returns) Government-to- government (e.g. exchange of diplomatic information) Supplier/ provider Buyer/ recipient Consumer/peer/citizen Business Government Consumer/peer/citizenBusinessGovernment Exhibit 3.5 The e-business market segmentation matrix classifies different types of interaction between different actors

9. Slide 3.9 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 In order to target a specific market segment efficiently, the segmentation needs to fulfil four requirements Measurable Substantial Differentiable Actionable A segment should be large enough to justify that it is addressed separately It should be possible to develop sales and marketing approaches to serve specific segments. The segments must be exclusive and react differently to a variety of marketing approaches It should be possible to measure the size of a defined segment in order to determine its purchasing power and its peculiar characteristics Source: Kotler, (2005).

10. Slide 3.10 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Demographic segmentation Segmentation type Age, gender, income, life style Psychographic segmentationPersonality type and personal interests (e.g. cash-rich, time-poor) Behavioural segmentationPurchasing frequency, usage patterns, etc. Criteria to be considered Geographic segmentationGeographic regions (e.g. continents, countries, states) Exhibit 3.6 Segmentation variables are the basis for strategic customer analysis Source: Kotler (2005).

11. Slide 3.11 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3 P1P1 P2P2 P3P3 M1M1 M2M2 M3M3 Number of market segments served (scale) Number of different products and services offered (scope) FewMany Few Many Full market coverage (e.g. Nordea Bank, Amazon.com, Tesco.com) Product specialisation (e.g. Spreadshirt Selective specialisation, (e.g. Bertelsmann) Market specialisation (e.g. ING DIRECT) Single segment concentration (e.g. Ducati, Porsche) P = Product M = Market Source: Adapted from D. Abell (1977); “Strategy and Structure: Public Policy Implications” in Proceedings of Marketing and the Public Interest. Cambridge, Mass.: Marketing Science Institute. Exhibit 3.7 Target-market selection depends on the number of markets served and the number of different products and services offered

12. Slide 3.12 Tawfik Jelassi and Albrecht Enders, Strategies for e-Business, 2 nd edition, © Pearson Education Limited 2008 Team Assignment – (Due in class – 1 week from today) PowerPoint presentation (Max 15 minutes) Choose a firm that engages in E-commerce. Identify where the firm competes in the e-commerce segmentation matrix (B2B/ B2C…) (10% max grade) Identify the players in the five forces model (40 % max grade) (minimum of 3 relevant players in each area) Identify the players in the co-opetition framework (30 % max grade) (minimum of 3 relevant players in each area) Use figure 3.7 in the book to identify the firm’s targeting strategy – explain why. (20% max grade)