1. © Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez, 2011. Derechos Reservados. Process Strategy W4 4.4 1 © Ana G. Méndez University System, 2012. All rights reserved.

2.  Four Process Strategies  Process Focus  Repetitive Focus  Product Focus  Mass Customization Focus  Process Analysis and Design  Flow Diagrams  Time-Function Mapping  Value-Stream Mapping  Process Charts  Service Blueprinting  Service Process Design  Customer Interaction and Process Design  More Opportunities to Improve Service Processes 2  Production Technology  Machine technology  Automatic identification Systems (AISs)  Process control  Vision system  Robot  Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRSs)  Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)  Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs)  Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)  Redesign process

3. At the end of the workshop, you will be able to: 1.Describe the four production processes 2.Use the tools of process analysis 3.Describe customer interaction in process design. 4.Identify advances in production technology and redesign process. 3

4. 4 Low Volume High Volume Volume High Variety, one or few products Low Variety, long runs only Repetitive Focus Variety Process Focus projects, job shops (machine, print, carpentry) Mass Customization (difficult to achieve, but huge rewards) Product Focus (commercial baked goods, steel, glass) Changes in attributes Changes in runs

5. 5 Four basic strategies  Process focus  Repetitive focus  Product focus  Mass customization

6. 6 Foundry Milling machines LathesGrinding PaintingDrills Office Welding Forging Many departments and many routings Job Shop or Intermittent Process

7. 7 This is a process flow diagram for a high quality product and service in the industry. Shows the flow of material or service

8. 8 Raw materials and module inputs Modules combined for many output options Few modules Assembly Line

9. 9 Station 1Station 2Station 3Station 4 Continuous Work Flow Output variations in size, shape, and packaging Few inputs

10. 10 Mass Customization Effective scheduling techniques Rapid throughput techniques Repetitive Focus Flexible people and equipment Process-Focused High variety, low volume Low utilization (5% to 25%) General-purpose equipment Product-Focused Low variety, high volume High utilization (70% to 90%) Specialized equipment Modular techniques Supportive supply chains

11. 11 Flow Diagrams - Show the movement of materials Time-Function Mapping - Shows flow and time frame Value-Stream Mapping - Shows flow, time. and value added beyond the immediate organization Process Charts - Use symbols to show key activities Service Blueprinting - focuses on customer/provider interaction

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13. Time-Function Mapping 13 Move Receive product Extrude Wait Move Wait Print Wait Order product Process order Wait 12 days 13 days 1 day 4 days 1 day 10 days 1 day 0 day 1 day 52 days

14. Value Stream Mapping 14

15. 15 Process Charts Symbols

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17. 17 Service Factory Service Shop Degree of Customization Low High Degree of Labor Low High Mass Service Professional Service Commercial banking Private banking General- purpose law firms Law clinics Specialized hospitals Hospitals Full-service stockbroker Limited-service stockbroker Retailing Boutiques Warehouse and catalog stores Fast-food restaurants Fine-dining restaurants Airlines No-frills airlines

18. 18  Machine technology  Automatic identification Systems (AISs)  Process control  Vision system  Robot  Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRSs)  Automated guided vehicles (AGVs)  Flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs)  Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

19. Prepared by María Vázquez19  Increased precision  Increased productivity  Increased flexibility  Improved environmental impact  Reduced changeover time  Decreased size  Reduced power requirements  Improved data acquisition  Reduced data entry errors  Increased speed  Increased scope of process automation Bar Codes RFIDRFID

20. Prepared by María Vázquez20  Increased process stability  Increased process precision  Real-time provision of information for process evaluation  Data available in many forms  Particular aid to inspection  Consistently accurate  Never bored  Modest cost  Superior to individuals performing the same tasks

21. Prepared by María Vázquez21  Perform monotonous or dangerous tasks  Perform tasks requiring significant strength or endurance  Generally enhanced consistency and accuracy  Automated placement and withdrawal of parts and products  Reduced errors and labor  Particularly useful in inventory and test areas of manufacturing firms

22. 22  Electronically guided and controlled carts  Used for movement of products and/or individuals  Computer controls both the workstation and the material handling equipment  Enhance flexibility and reduced waste  Can economically produce low volume at high quality  Reduced changeover time and increased utilization  Stringent communication requirement between components

23. 23  Extension of flexible manufacturing systems  Backwards to engineering and inventory control  Forward into warehousing and shipping  Can also include financial and customer service areas  Reducing the distinction between low- volume/high-variety, and high- volume/low-variety production © Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez, 2011. Derechos Reservados.

24. 24  The fundamental rethinking of business processes to bring about dramatic improvements in performance  Relies on reevaluating the purpose of the process and questioning both the purpose and the underlying assumptions  Requires reexamination of the basic process and its objectives  Focuses on activities that cross functional lines  Any process is a candidate for redesign

25. End After studying the content, please complete the assigned activities. © Ana G. Méndez University System, 2012. All rights reserved. 25