1. THE PHILOSOPHY, AUTHORS & FAMOUS WORKS

3.  German Idealism a philosophical movement: emerged in the late 1700’s in Germany The belief that an item’s meaning was directly related to the perception of the individual perceiving it Immanuel Kant was the original philosopher o He was the first German “Idealist”  The German philosophy was the foundation on which American Transcendentalism was built  German Idealism a philosophical movement: emerged in the late 1700’s in Germany The belief that an item’s meaning was directly related to the perception of the individual perceiving it Immanuel Kant was the original philosopher o He was the first German “Idealist”  The German philosophy was the foundation on which American Transcendentalism was built

4.  Emerged in the 1830s in the Boston area  It was a protest against the: intellectual push coming out of Harvard Unitarian doctrine being taught at Harvard corruptness of the political parties  The foundation was that the above three things (amidst others) lead to: a corrupted society a lack of purity in an individual  Emerged in the 1830s in the Boston area  It was a protest against the: intellectual push coming out of Harvard Unitarian doctrine being taught at Harvard corruptness of the political parties  The foundation was that the above three things (amidst others) lead to: a corrupted society a lack of purity in an individual

5.  Man and nature are both inherently good  Organized religion, higher education, and political mandates lessen both an individual’s and a society’s strength  Man is at its best when being self-reliant Man can find truth only through introspectiveness and personal experience Human problems can be solved through the development of individual emotions  Man and nature are both inherently good  Organized religion, higher education, and political mandates lessen both an individual’s and a society’s strength  Man is at its best when being self-reliant Man can find truth only through introspectiveness and personal experience Human problems can be solved through the development of individual emotions

6.  Spread most rapidly in Concord, MA and on Harvard’s campus in Cambridge, MA  It was not only a philosophy: it quickly became: A literary movement A “religion” (with a strong, quiet following) A social movement  It reached its peak in the late 1840’s  It never became the norm, nonetheless, it greatly influenced writers and thinkers  Spread most rapidly in Concord, MA and on Harvard’s campus in Cambridge, MA  It was not only a philosophy: it quickly became: A literary movement A “religion” (with a strong, quiet following) A social movement  It reached its peak in the late 1840’s  It never became the norm, nonetheless, it greatly influenced writers and thinkers

8. Primarily Nonfiction Writers  Ralph Waldo Emerson (more on him later)  Henry David Thoreau (more on him later) Primarily Fiction Writers  Nathanial Hawthorne  Herman Melville  Louisa May Alcott (author of Little Women) Primarily Poets  Walt Whitman  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Primarily Nonfiction Writers  Ralph Waldo Emerson (more on him later)  Henry David Thoreau (more on him later) Primarily Fiction Writers  Nathanial Hawthorne  Herman Melville  Louisa May Alcott (author of Little Women) Primarily Poets  Walt Whitman  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

9. 1803-1882

10.  Born in 1803 (Boston, MA)  His father was a Unitarian minister  His father died in 1811: he and his 4 brothers were raised by a his mother  He suffered from temporary blindness brought on by a lung disease  In 1817 Emerson began his literature & philosophy studies at Harvard  He became a high school teacher, but later returned to Harvard to study at the School of Divinity  After a short career as a Unitarian pastor, he began his notorious career as a writer and lecturer  He died in 1882  Born in 1803 (Boston, MA)  His father was a Unitarian minister  His father died in 1811: he and his 4 brothers were raised by a his mother  He suffered from temporary blindness brought on by a lung disease  In 1817 Emerson began his literature & philosophy studies at Harvard  He became a high school teacher, but later returned to Harvard to study at the School of Divinity  After a short career as a Unitarian pastor, he began his notorious career as a writer and lecturer  He died in 1882 Emerson’s home

11.  Emerson's first, and most famous, book  It expressed the main principles of the then new movement, transcendentalism  Soon after its publication, a discussion group titled “The Transcendentalist Club” formed in Concord, MA. This club began to publish an influential magazine, called The Dial The group, and the magazine, were devoted to a deeper understanding of literature and philosophy  Emerson's first, and most famous, book  It expressed the main principles of the then new movement, transcendentalism  Soon after its publication, a discussion group titled “The Transcendentalist Club” formed in Concord, MA. This club began to publish an influential magazine, called The Dial The group, and the magazine, were devoted to a deeper understanding of literature and philosophy

12.  Emerson’s next two books were essay compilations Most focused on his faith in the moral order of the universe, as well as the divine force governing it  Emerson was also known for his poetry He wrote much like the Fireside Poets of the era Common motifs: mystical religion, his own frustrations with society, and celebrating nature  Emerson’s next two books were essay compilations Most focused on his faith in the moral order of the universe, as well as the divine force governing it  Emerson was also known for his poetry He wrote much like the Fireside Poets of the era Common motifs: mystical religion, his own frustrations with society, and celebrating nature

13.  Emerson influenced the works of many, including (but not limited to): Henry David Thoreau Herman Melville Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Louisa May Alcott Henry James Robert Frost  Emerson influenced the works of many, including (but not limited to): Henry David Thoreau Herman Melville Walt Whitman Emily Dickinson Louisa May Alcott Henry James Robert Frost

16. Be sure to answer these questions: In complete sentences with detailed support/explanations On loose-leaf, frizz-free paper