1. Organic Manure : An Overview
Rahul Kumar and Shweta
Vermiculture Research Station,
Department of Zoology
D.S. College (Dr. B.R.A. University) ,
Aligarh – , Uttar Pradesh, India

2. Organic Manure
Organic manure is defined as the product resulting from the
controlled biological decomposition of organic matter.
Manure can be prepared from :
yard trimmings
biosolids (sewage sludge)
wood by-products
animals manures
crop residues
biodegradable packing
food scraps

3. Characteristics of Organic Matter
Organic matter is the key constitute of cultivated soils.
It has profound influence on the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soil.

4. Chemical Composition of Organic Matter
Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, hemi-cellulose, pectins, gums, mucilages, etc.)
Proteins, amino acids, amines, etc.
Fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc.
Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.
Lignins
Compounds containing ring structure (phenol, tennis, hydrocarbon)
Alkaloids and compounds with organic base- pyrimidine and purines
Miscellaneous substances like antibiotics, auxins, vitamins, enzymes and pigments

5. Nutritive Elements in different Organic MattersP K
Cow dung manure
2.5
0.2
0.5
Compost urban
1.8
1.0
1.4
Compost rural
0.15
Night soil
5.5
4.0
2.0
Groundnut cake
7.3
Castor cake
4.3
2.4
2.3
Neem cake
5.2
sludge
3.5
0.6

6. Major sources of organic matter
There are mainly three types of Organic Matter
By product of agro-waste industries
Industrial waste material
Sugar factory waste
Oil cake and bio gas slurry
Livestock and human waste
Farmyard manure
Poultry manure
Plants waste
Crop residue
Tree residue and aquatic weeds
Urban and rural waste
Sewage sludge

7. Conversion of organic matter into organic manure
Biological oxidation
Organic matter
Organic manure
Through biological oxidation organic matter convert into manure which may be two type by their origin
Animal manure
Green manure
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8. Animal manure A.Farm yard manure (FYM) B.Farm slurry or Liquid manure
Manure formed of cattle excreta mixed with straw, used as a fertilizer
(Agricultural manure in liquid form known as slurry
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9. A. Farm Yard Manure Farm Yard Manure can be prepared by : Cow dung,
Cow urine,
Waste straw and
Dairy waste etc.

10. Cow dung Manure This is a type of Farm Yard Manure
Cow manure is rich in humus, the bulky, fibrous material that comes from undigested plant matter.
Cow manure is composted by putting it into a bin or pile and letting it sit
It contains about 3 percent nitrogen, 2 percent phosphorous, and 1 percent potassium

11. Method of preparation of FYM
Dug the pit (4×6×10) near cattle shed above the level of soil.
Spread the excavated soil on the surface.
Fill the pit with grass and other material of cake shed and soil upto 10-15cm.
Spread cow dung manure up to cm leave it for one to two month.

12. Nutritional Profile of FYM (%)
Elements
Value (%)
Nitrogen
0.5
Phosphorus
0.25
Potassium
0.40
Calcium
0.08
Sulfur
0.02
Zinc
0.004
Copper
0.0003
Manganese
0.007
iron
0.45
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13. B. Farm Slurry A mixture of water and animal waste used as fertilizer.
Farm slurry is produced at dairy farm at larger scale in rainy season.
It is highly nutritive for the plants.
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14. 2. Green Manures
Green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
They are grown for the purpose of plowing them, thus increasing fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the soil.

15. Benefits of Green Manure Crops
Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to farm nitrogen needs.
It protect and enhance the soil’s biological activity by providing nutrition for the soil organism.
It aerates the soil, consequently improving the soil structure.
Green manure crops cover the soil in between successive grain crops, thus protecting the soil against wind and water erosion.
Green manure crops reduce soil compaction.
Green manure crops provides a habitat for pollinators and other beneficial insects.
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