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Political Geography: State Shapes and Borders

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Presentation on theme: "Political Geography: State Shapes and Borders"— Presentation transcript:

1 Political Geography: State Shapes and Borders
AP Human Geography

2 Territorial Morphology: The Shape of States
Compact Prorupted Elongated Fragmented Perforated Micro

3 Compact Ease of communication; distance from capital to everything else easy Example: Switzerland; Hungary

4 Prorupted Compact with a large projecting extension
Issues with “devolution” sometimes Example: DR Congo; Thailand

5 Fragmented States with several discontinuous pieces of territory; like islands. Devolution an issue Example: Indonesia

6 Perforated A state the completely surrounds another one
Example: South Africa and Lesotho

7 Elongated Long narrow shape due to geography or other political or economic reasons Examples: Chile and Gambia

8 Microstates Tiny, usually homogenous, states
Example: Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Singapore

9 Exclaves and Enclaves Exclaves: small bits of territory that lie separate from the rest of the state by another state; not land locked Example: Russia and Kaliningrad

10 Enclaves Enclaves: landlocked pieces of a state surrounded by another state Example: Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh

11 Boundaries Physical: easy to see and use; water (lakes, rivers, etc..) use the median-line principle Oceans use: Law of the Sea (1983)- territory goes out to 12 nautical miles Cultural: harder to define; language? Religion? Ethnicity? “Balkanization” and “shatter belts”(Caucasus Mts.) Geometric: straight and imaginary

12 Physical and Geometric

13 Balkanization and “Shatter Belts”

14 Boundary Disputes Positional(definitional): Where is the border? India and China over Assam/Himalayas Territorial: Who should own what? Pakistan vs. India over Kashmir Resource(allocation): Who gets to use the stuff? Ex: Kuwait vs. Iraq (oil); GA VS FLA. Over water Functional(operational): What rules should we use at the border? Ex: USA/Mexico border control and NAFTA

15 India and China


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