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Published byOctavia Ross Modified over 9 years ago
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Skeletal System
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Functions Support Protection -Bones protect soft body organs -Example fused bones of the skull protect the brain
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Functions Movement -Skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons, use the bones as leavers to move body parts Storage -Minerals including calcium and phosphate -Calcium in its ion state must be present in the blood stream to allow the nervous system to transit signals
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Functions Blood Cell Formation - Occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones
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Skeletal System Axial -Includes the 80 bones of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum -Protect your brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs
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Skeletal System Appendicular -Includes the 126 bones of your shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs, and feet -Help to perform wide range of motion
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Two Basic Types Compact Bone -Dense and smooth Spongy Bone - Composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space
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Classifications Long Bones -Longer than they are wider -Mostly compact bone -Limbs are mainly comprised of long bones
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Classifications Short Bones -Cube shaped -Contain mostly spongy bone -Found in wrist and ankle
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Classifications Flat Bones -Thin, flat, usually curved -Found in the skull, ribs, and sternum
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Classifications Irregular Bones -Do not fit any other category -Vertebrae -Hip
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Bone Growth During development most bones start out as cartilage (Strong flexible connective tissue) Ossification Occurs – Bone is formed, renewed, and replaced Osteoblasts – Bone forming cells Osteoclasts – Bone destroying cells
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Bone Growth Diagram
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Bone Remolding Essential for bones to retain normal proportions and strength Accounts for the fact that bones increase strength in areas where larger muscles are located
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Joints Hold bones together Give mobility Can be divided into three types based on function Synarthrosis – Immovable Amphiarthrosis – Slightly moveable Diarthrosis – Freely moveable
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Joints Division based on structure Fibrous joints – united by fibrous tissue Cartilaginous joints – connected by cartilage Synovial joints – bones ends are separated by joint cavity containing synovial fluid
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Synovial Joints
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Joint Problems Dislocation – Bone is forced out of its normal joint cavity Bursitis – Inflammation of the synovial membrane Rheumatoid Arthritis – Chronic inflammation disorder -Autoimmune disease – bodies immune system tries to destroy tissue -Inflammation of the synovial membrain occurs
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Bone Problems Rickets – disease found in children in which the bones fail to calcify Fractures – breaks in the bone Osteoporosis – bone thinning disease -More common in women but can effect men -Result in low production of estrogen -Poor diet -Lack of weight bearing exercises
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Fracture Types Closed – Bone breaks completely but does not penetrate the skin (simple) Open – bone breaks and the bone penetrates the skin (compound) Spiral Compression Impacted Greenstick
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