1. Veterinarians Significant Points
Graduation from an accredited college of veterinary medicine and a license to practice are required.
Competition for admission to veterinary school is EXTREMELY high.

2. Veterinarians Nature of the Work
Veterinarians play a major role in the healthcare of pets, livestock, and zoo, sporting, and laboratory animals.
Most veterinarians work in private practices.
More than one-half treat small animals predominately.
A small number work exclusively with large animals, focusing mostly on horses or cows.

3. Veterinarians Nature of the Work
A number of veterinarians work with physicians and scientists.
Research ways to prevent and treat human health problems
Determine the effects of drug therapies and surgical techniques.
Some veterinarians are involved in food safety.
Check animals for transmissible diseases
Advise owners on treatment

4. Veterinarians Working Conditions
Over one-third of veterinarian work 50 or more hours a week.
Often work outdoors in all kinds of weather
Treat animals or perform surgery under less-than-sanitary conditions.
When working with animals that are frightened or in pain, veterinarians risk being bitten, kicked, or scratched.

5. Veterinarians Employment
Veterinarians currently hold about 59,000 jobs in the U.S.

6. Veterinarians Training
There are 28 colleges that meet accreditation standards set by the Council on Education of the American Veterinary Medical Association.

7. Veterinarians Pre-Veterinary School
Bachelor’s degree not required for some schools.
All schools require credit hours ranging from 45 to 90 semester hours.
Preveterinary courses emphasis the sciences:
Organic, inorganic and biochemistry
Physics
General biology
Animal biology, animal nutrition, genetics, etc.

8. Veterinarians Training GPA of 3.5 or better is average.
Standardized Tests vary from school to school:
Graduate Record Examination (GRE)
Veterinary College Admission Test (VCAT) (no longer offered)
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT).

9. Veterinarians Training
Veterinary and animal experience is highly desirable.
Formal experience, such as work with veterinarians or scientists in clinics, agribusiness, research, or in some area of health science, is particularly advantageous..
Number of applicants is currently rising.
About 1 in 4 applicants are currently accepted.

10. Veterinarians Training First 2 Years Second 2 Years
Basic sciences.
Second 2 Years
Clinical procedures.
Diagnosing and treating animal diseases and performing surgery.
Laboratory work in anatomy, biochemistry, medicine, and other scientific subjects.
Veterinary graduates who plan to work with specific types of animals or specialize in a clinical area complete a 1-year internship.

11. Veterinarians Earnings
Median annual earnings of veterinarians is $68,000.
Average starting salaries by type of practice:
Small animal, predominant - $42,918
Large animal, predominant - $41,439
Mixed animal - $40,358
Equine - $28,526
Federal Government - $35,808.

12. Veterinarians Additional Information
American Veterinary Medical Association
Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges

13. Pharmacists Significant Points
Pharmacists are becoming more involved in drug therapy decision making and patient counseling.
Very good employment opportunities are expected.
Earnings are very high, but some pharmacists work long hours, nights, weekends, and holidays.

14. Pharmacists Nature of the Work Dispense prescribed drugs.
Provide information to patients about medications and their use.
They advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications.

15. Pharmacists Working Conditions
Many pharmacists spend most of their workday on their feet.
About 1 out of 7 pharmacists work part time.
Most full-time salaried pharmacists worked about 40 hours a week.

16. Pharmacists Employment
Pharmacists currently hold about 217,000 jobs in the U.S.
About 6 out of 10 work in community pharmacies.
About 21 percent of salaried pharmacists work in hospitals, clinics, mail-order pharmacies, pharmaceutical wholesalers, home healthcare agencies, or the Federal Government.

17. Pharmacists
Training
84 colleges of pharmacy are accredited to confer degrees by the American Council on Pharmaceutical Education.
Pharmacy programs grant the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)
The Pharm.D. is a 4-year program that requires at least 2 years of college study prior to admittance.
This Pharm.D. has replaced the Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree, which will cease to be awarded after 2005.

18. Pharmacists Prerequisites
Colleges of pharmacy require at least 2 years of college-level prepharmacy education.
Mathematics
Chemistry
Biology,
Physics
Courses in the humanities and social sciences.
Some colleges require the applicant to take the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT) others require the GRE.

19. Pharmacists Training Pharmacy school classes include
Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical chemistry
Physical and chemical properties of drugs and dosage forms
Pharmacology
effects of drugs on the body
Pharmacy administration.

20. Pharmacists Job Outlook
Pharmacists in chain drug stores may be promoted to:
Pharmacy supervisor or manager at the store level
Manager at the district or regional level
Executive position within the chain's headquarters.
Hospital pharmacists may advance to:
supervisory or administrative positions.
Pharmacists in the pharmaceutical industry may advance in:
marketing, sales, research, quality control, production, packaging, or other areas.

21. Pharmacists Job Outlook
Very, very good employment opportunities are expected for pharmacists.
The growing numbers of middle-aged and elderly people
Use more prescription drugs than do younger people.

22. Pharmacists Earnings Median annual earnings of pharmacists is $70,950.
Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of pharmacists:
Department stores - $73,730
Grocery stores - $72,440
Drug stores and proprietary stores - $72,110
Hospitals - $68,760

23. Pharmacists Additional Information
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy
National Association of Boards of Pharmacy
National Association of Chain Drug Stores

24. Podiatric Medicine The Foot
Complex structure designed for balance and mobility
Highly significant interaction with rest of the body
May be first area to reveal signs of systemic medical conditions

25. Podiatric Medicine Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
Specializes in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of foot disorders, diseases, and injuries
Works closely with other health professionals to treat and control disease

26. Podiatric Medicine Doctor of Podiatric Medicine
Makes independent decisions
Performs surgery
Prescribes medications
Utilizes radiographic and laboratory tests for diagnostic purposes
Orders physical therapy

27. Podiatric Medicine Benefits of a Podiatric Medical Career
Professional Satisfaction
Alleviating human suffering
Flexible practice hours
Balanced lifestyle

28. Podiatric Medicine Need for Podiatric Physicians Baby Boomers Diabetes
More miles on their feet
More active lifestyles means more injury-prone
Largest segment of population
Diabetes
Reaching epidemic proportions

29. Podiatric Medicine Podiatric Subspecialties Diabetic foot Geriatrics
Pediatrics (Podopediatrics)
Biomechanics/Orthopedics
Sports Medicine

30. Podiatric Medicine 11th Highest Paid Profession in U.S.
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000
Average Net Income $134,557
years $ 63,088
years $104,909
years $126,717
years $143,141
years $158,509
25+ years $125,000
Source: APMA 2002

31. Podiatric Medicine First Two Years Basic Sciences Anatomy Biochemistry
Physiology
Microbiology
Pathology
Histology

32. Podiatric Medicine Last Two Years Clinical Training 24 months
Hospitals
Ambulatory Clinics
Long-Term Care Facilities
Community Practices

33. Podiatric Medicine Class of 2007 Averages Overall GPA – 3.3
Science GPA – 3.1
MCAT – 20

34. Pre-Requisites Biology – 8 Hours* Chemistry – 8 Hours*
Organic Chemistry – 8 Hours*
Physics – 8 Hours*
English – 6 Hours
*Lab Required

35. Podiatric Medicine Pre-Requisites 90 semester hours
Bachelor’s degree recommended
MCAT preferred
Pre-professional advisory committee evaluation
Interview required

36. Podiatric Medicine Online application available through AACPM
Apply to all 6 member schools with same application
Application cycle begins in September for class that starts the following August

37. Podiatric Medicine • Additional Information
• American Podiatric Medical Association
• American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine

38. Chiropractors Significant Points
Employment of chiropractors is expected to increase faster than average.
Chiropractic care has become more accepted as a result of recent research and changing attitudes.
Earnings are relatively low in the beginning, but increase as the practice grows.

39. Chiropractors Nature of the Work
Chiropractors diagnose and treat patients whose health problems are associated with the body's muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems, especially the spine.
Chiropractors believe interference with these systems impairs normal functions and lowers resistance to disease.
The chiropractic approach to healthcare is holistic, stressing the patient's overall health and wellness.

40. Chiropractors Nature of the Work
Some chiropractors use water, light, massage, ultrasound, electric, and heat therapy.
Chiropractors do not prescribe drugs or perform surgery.
Many chiropractors are solo or group practitioners who also have the administrative responsibilities of running a practice.
The average workweek is about 40 hours.
Chiropractors, like other health practitioners, are sometimes on their feet for long periods.

41. Chiropractors Employment
Chiropractors currently hold about 50,000 jobs in the U.S.
Most chiropractors are in solo practice, although some are in group practice or work for other chiropractors.

42. Chiropractors Training
Most states require at least 2 years of undergraduate education
An increasing number of states require a 4-year bachelor's degree.
All states require completion of a 4-year chiropractic college course at an accredited program leading to the Doctor of Chiropractic degree.

43. Chiropractors Training
There are 16 chiropractic programs in the United States accredited by the Council on Chiropractic Education.
All required applicants must have at least 90 semester hours:
English
Social sciences and/or humanities
Organic and inorganic chemistry
Biology
Physics
Psychology.

44. Chiropractors Training First 2 years of Chiropractic School
Classroom and laboratory work in basic sciences.
Last 2 years of Chiropractic School
Courses in manipulation and spinal adjustments
Clinical experience in physical and laboratory diagnosis, neurology, orthopedics, geriatrics, physiotherapy, and nutrition.

45. Chiropractors Job Outlook
Job prospects are expected to be good for persons who enter the practice of chiropractic with faster than average growth.
Chiropractic care is appealing to many health-conscious Americans due to its holistic approach.
Demand for chiropractic treatment is also related to the ability of patients to pay, either directly or through health insurance.

46. Chiropractors Earnings
Median annual earnings of salaried chiropractors is $67,030.
Self-employed chiropractors usually earn more than salaried chiropractors.
The average income for all chiropractors, including the self-employed, was about $81,500 after expenses.
Self-employed chiropractors must provide for their own health insurance and retirement.

47. Chiropractors
Areas of Expansion
Oriental Medicine
Naturopathy

48. Founder of Chiropractics
Chiropractors
Additional Information
American Chiropractic Association
International Chiropractors Association
World Chiropractic Alliance
D.D. Palmer
Founder of Chiropractics