1. Human Blood Typing Lab Objective:
Apply blood typing method to determine the blood type for a sample of synthetic human blood
Describe the appearance of agglutinated blood.
Explain how to determine a human blood type.
Using data, determine the blood type found at a crime scene.

2. Human Blood Typing Vocabulary
blood type = blood group - Any of several immunologically distinct, genetically determined classes of human blood which are based on the presence or absence of certain erythrocyte surface antigens (glycoproteins) and are clinically identified by characteristic agglutination reactions; for blood transfusion purposes, the ABO and Rh blood group systems are the most important.
agglutinogen - An erythrocyte (RBC) surface antigen (immunologically distinct, genetically determined glycoproteins) which may stimulate the production of a particular specific agglutinin (antibody) in individuals lacking that particular agglutinogen (antigen); e.g., the antigens involved in the ABO and Rh blood group systems.
agglutinin - A molecule, such as an antibody, which is capable of causing agglutination (clumping) of a particular antigen, especially red blood cells or bacteria.
agglutination - The clumping together of red blood cells, or bacteria, or other particulate/cellular antigens, usually in response to a specific antibody.

3. Blood contains cells in the liquid component in the plasma
Blood contains cells in the liquid component in the plasma. The antibodies serve a protective function.

4. “The Basis of Blood Typing”
Notice that the antibodies (Y-shaped structures) attach to the red blood cells and then cause them to stick together. If this is Type A, then the Y-shaped structures are Anti-A serum (antibody A).

5. This slide shows how blood
typing is done. A specific
anti-serum is added to a
blood sample. If it agglutinate,
it indicates the presence of the
antigen which is is how the
blood type is determined.
This sample agglutinated
after Anit-A serum added
But not with Anti-B serum.

6. Results of Blood Typing Test Sample Anti-A Anti-B Anti-Rh Blood Type
Crime
Victim
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
Suspect 4

7. Crime Scene Investigation
Which sample(s) lacked the Rh antigen?
Which sample(s) lacks both A and B antigens?
Which sample(s) contains only B antibodies?
What type of blood is the crime scene blood?
Which suspect(s) should remain in custody?
Name another test that could be used to convict the suspect that is more accurate?
Crime Scene Investigation

8. Apply Your Knowledge…..
Use your understanding about blood typing to explain what is occurring in the figure to the left.
Begin by identifying all the labeled structures…..

9. Why is this baby in danger?