2. Based on their source components, chemical materials can be classified into : natural chemical synthetic chemical materials or artificial chemical

3. Natural chemicals are derived and produced from nature Artificial chemicals are derived from the processed and chemical reactions

4. Household Chemical materials can be classified into: cleaning materials Whiteners Fragrances insecticides

5. Cleaning Material Cleaning materials include things like soap and detergent Chemical substance in cleaning material is distinguished as main constituent and additional constituent

6. Chemical Content of Cleaning Materials NoKinds of Cleaning Materials Main constituentAdditional constituent 1Bath soapSodium palmate, sodium palmstearat Water, glycerine, sodium,chloride, panthenol, fragnance 2DetergentLauril sulfonat (LAS)Anti-redeposition, 3ShampooSodium lauril ether sulphate, cocomidopropyl betained imethico Water, fragnance, karbomer sodium chloride, glycol distearat 4Tooth pasteCalcium glyserophosphateSodium monifluorophospate

7. SOAP Soap is foaming material Soap is made by tempering animal fat and vegetable oil mixed using strong alkaline This lipid and oil are usually known as triglyceride Triglyceride is a compound of ester molecules.

8. Fat is tempered using sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide so forming soap and hydrolysed ester molecule. Process of this soap forming is known as saponification reaction

9. Saponification Reaction Glyceryl stearate + Sodium hydroxide -> sodium stearate + Glycerol (animal fat) (strong alkaline) (soap) Soap components which cause soap to be able to remove dirt and fat are hydrophobic and hydrophilic

10. A simple diagram of soap molecule Sodium stearate (soap) is composed of : 1. a long hydrocarbon chain called hydrophobic chain ( hydrocarbon, with water resistant character) and 2. is bonded to hydrophilic ion “head” ^^^^^^^^^^ hydrophobic chain hydrophilic chain

11. detergent Soap has a weaker cleaning ability compared to detergent Detergent made from ABS ( Alkyl Benzene Sulfonate) or LAS ( Linear Alkyl Sulfonate) which are reacted with sodium hydroxide

12. whiteners Whiteners can be classified into skin whiteners and bleach Chemical subtances contained in bleach are sodium hypochlorite ( NaClO) which serves as clothes whitening

13. insecticides A chemical substances which is used as an insecticides is Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane (DDT )