1. Introduction to Engineering and Technology

2. What do you Think?

3. Engineering Is The essence of engineering is design.
Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need.
The engineering design process is, at the same time, systematic and creative.
And the engineering design process is always iterative: engineers must explore many different alternatives before they can hope to achieve an optimum solution.
These are the essential characteristics of engineering.

4. Engineering I
Define Mathematics.
Define Science.
Define Technology -

5. Technology What is Technology? What is an “-ology?”
Construct a definition of Technology
What is an “-ology?”
Sociology, Biology, Psychology
So what is good working definition of the word “Technology”?

6. Technology Technology is human knowledge
Technology uses tools, materials, and systems
Application of technology results in artifacts (human-made things) or other outputs (pollution and scrap)
Technology is developed by people to modify or control the environment
Dynamic – floppy disk

7. Engineering Overview Julie Sonnenberg-Klein
Project Director, MaST – Math Science & Technology Initiatives

8. Part I Science, Engineering, Technology
Concepts of Science & Engineering
Scientists determine how the natural world operates
Engineers apply science to make products
Technicians use products, follow procedures

9. Science, Engineering & Engineering Technology
Scientists
Engineers
Technicians
Discover
Understand
Explain
Design
Create
Operate
Maintain

10. Science, Engineering & Engineering Technology
Example
X-Rays
Scientists
Engineers
Technicians
Designed
X-Ray Machines
Operate Machines
Discovered X-rays
● Röntgen, x-ray from cathode tube ● 1896 Becquerel, radioactivity of uranium ● 1898 Currie, atomic nature of radiation
● 1899 Operator licensing recommended to protect public

11. Science, Engineering & Engineering Technology
Engineers
Example
Lasers
Design Applications
CD Players
Barcode Scanners
Technicians
Scientists
Invented Laser
Align, Maintain Lasers
Use Lasers to do Research

12. Engineering I How old is technology?
Many archaeologists, sociologists believe ONE technology has shaped our society to what it is today. Can you guess what it is?
The plow!
What were the societal effects of this technology?
What innovations were made on it?
The plow.

13. Engineering I
Our earliest ancestors had to develop ways to solve problems.
The Cave Man……. Look at our teeth.
1. This is not an argument about evolution. We make no assumptions about the origin of man.
2. It is a fact that human teeth differ from that of strict carnivores.

14. Engineering I In order to eat we needed to develop tools.
Tools are the first essential element for all technology systems.
These tools are made of materials (2nd)
We name eras according to material usage
Stone Age approx. 2,000,000 years ago.
Bronze Age approx BC-alloy using copper and tin
Iron Age approx BC
Middle Ages – printed money and Printing Press
Industrial Age
Information Age

15. Engineering I Examine a Specific Artifact- Pick one!
What is it made of?
We call these materials resources.
Natural and Man-made.
Renewable, Non-renewable and re-usable.
What were the affects of this technology?
How has “drive-thru” technology altered our society?
SO NOW DEFINE TECHNOLOGY!!

16. Engineering I
Technology defined: The study of taking resources, applying a process to make things that satisfy our needs.
Similar to the sciences, technology has a unique academic based body of knowledge.
However, how do you think technology differs from “traditional” academic subjects?
Discussion of this definition?
Get the students to understand that they can enter a college and university and study TECHNOLOGY as a subject unto itself. But that study of technology will borrow knowledge and information from all other academic classifications. Discuss the relationship of

17. Engineering I
Technology is defined as a system having seven essential elements:
Capital
Energy
Resources/Materials
Tools
People
Information
Time

18. Engineering I
The powers that be have developed the following definition…live it, love it, LEARN IT!
Technology: The generation of knowledge and processes to develop systems that solve problems and extend human capabilities.

19. Engineering I According to our definition is this Technology?
Story time: Scientists have observed monkeys in the South American rainforest. These monkeys eat Brazilia Nuts off trees. The shell is too hard to bite open. These monkeys have found they can use a rock to smash the nut on the ground to open it.
According to our definition is this Technology?

20. Engineering I
All Technology can be classified into three general classifications:
Information Systems:
Physical Systems: Construction, Transportation, Manufacturing
Bio-related Systems

21. Engineering I
Technology is a unique academic discipline that borrows knowledge and information from all other academic areas:
Tech and Science (Nuclear energy plants)
Tech and Math (The ½ gallon milk jug problem)
Tech and Language Arts ($$$ Technical writers)
Tech and Social Studies (Social responsibility)
Tech and Foreign Language (Global economy)
Tech and Music (Instruments are tools)
Tech and Visual Arts (Escher)

22. Engineering I So now lets examine engineering.
Engineering design entails the application of math, science, and technology to create something that meets a human need.
Human need is central.

23. Engineering I Egyptian Engineers Mesopotamian Engineers
Imhotep: Engineer to King Joser
Engineers to the Kushite Kings
Pyramids, Dams, and Canals
Mesopotamian Engineers
First Canals built by the Sumerians of Southern Mesopotamia
Home and Wall construction
Assyrians and iron weaponry and the four wheeled war machine/wagons
Aqueducts and paved streets of King Engineer Sennacherib
Greek Engineers
Borrowed concepts of construction from Assyrians and Mesopotamians
1st Metal Structure is attributed to the Greeks.
Golden age engineer Archytas of Taras, pure scientist and engineer.
Mechanical Bird that flew by compressed air.

24. Engineering I Greek Engineers: Roman Engineers:
Hellenistic Greeks were a mixture of Greek and Oriental people.
Archimedes and the science of hydrostatics was a result of Hellenistic Greek.
Roman Engineers:
Romans were also adaptive engineers; building off others ideas.
Most were civil engineers developing roads, bridges, etc.
Made significant advances in architecture and everyday machinery.
Kingdom of Anatolia Central Indirect Heating
Discovery of Cement!
Use of the waterwheel, trusses and the pendentive.

25. Engineering I The Oriental Engineers: The European Engineers:
Centered on religious activities.
Indian – Skills with iron works
Arabic – Skills with water clocks and waterwheels and the first practical windmill.
Chinese – Suspension and cable stayed bridges, canals and dams.
The European Engineers:
Middle Ages was the height of invention.
Advances in cathedrals..the flying buttress
18th century advanced hydraulics, canal building.
Renaissance saw the advent of engineering schools and engineering became a defined discipline.

26. Discussion
Has your idea of the field of engineering changed now that we have discussed it? If yes, how?

27. Careers in Engineering
ABET – The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology.
Engineering defined as:
The profession which the knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to use, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind.
Using materials and forces for the good of humankind.

28. Careers in Engineering
Discipline: A specific area practiced by an engineer.
They do overlap.
There are several sub-categories under each of the major headings.
Role: The jobs within the disciplines that are held by engineers.
Research, Inventor, Supervisor, Human Resources, Sales, Financial Management
Example: Degreed Mechanical Engineer that is the head of Sales for Ford Motor Corporation.

29. Engineering & Engineering Technology Degree Options in Georgia

30. Engineering Degrees (U Sys GA)
GA Tech
Aerospace Engineering;
Biomedical Engineering;
Chemical Engineering;
Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering;
Civil Engineering;
Computer Engineering;
Electrical Engineering;
Environmental Engineering;
Industrial Engineering;
Materials Science and Engineering;
Mechanical Engineering;
Nuclear and Radiological Engineering;
Polymer and Fiber Engineering
Textile Sciences and Engineering;
Georgia State University
Construction Engineering;
Mechatronics Engineering;
Software Engineering
University of Georgia
Agricultural Engineering;
Biochemical Engineering;
Biological Engineering
Computer Systems Engineering;
Environmental Engineering;
SO, who grants Engineering Degrees?
Within the University System of Georgia, we have
GA Tech
Georgia State
And
University of Georgia
And there are a lot of degrees. . .
And you’ll notice, there isn’t a whole lot of overlap. For research institutions, the university system doesn’t seem to duplicate efforts.
The only overlap I see is in Environmental Engineering.

31. Engineering Technology Degrees (U Sys GA)
Fort Valley State
Agriculture Engineering Technology;
Electronics Engineering Technology
Georgia Southern
Civil Engineering Technology;
Electrical Engineering Technology;
Mechanical Engineering Technology
Georgia Southwestern State
Computer Science Technology
Savannah State
Computer Science Technology;
Southern Polytechnic State
Apparel/Textile Engineering Technology;
Architectural Engineering Technology;
Civil Engineering Technology;
Computer Engineering Technology;
Electrical Engineering Technology;
Industrial Engineering Technology;
Mechanical Engineering Technology;
Surveying and Mapping;
Telecommunications Engineering Technology
So who grants Engineering Technology Degrees?
We have
Southern Polytechnic
Fort Valley State
Georgia Southern
Georgia Southwestern
And
Savannah State
And those degrees are. . .
In this case, you’ll notice there’s more overlap.

32. In the State of GA BOTH DEGREES CAN LEAD TO LICENSURE
National Society of Professional Engineers
Engineering and engineering technology are recognized as distinct points on the technical occupational spectrum.
Different criteria for the two degree programs
Engineering Technology – accreditation criteria prohibits program from claiming that it gives its graduates the equivalent of an engineering education.
Pass rates based on Engineering test takers, exclude Engineering Technology degrees
ABET Accreditation
National Conference of Examiners
According to the National Society of Professional Engineers. . .
Both programs are accredited by ABET
But they have different criteria
In the case of Engineering Technology, if they’re accredited. . .
And I showed earlier that licensure process involves two exams.
In calculating the pass rates, the organization that administers the exam doesn’t include results for students with Engineering Technology degrees in the calculations.

33. Median Annual Salaries Engineers & Engineering Technicians

34. Median Annual Salaries, Nation Wide
120000
Engineer
Engineering Technician
25th-75th Percentile
100000
80000
Median Annual Salary
60000
40000
Source
Bureau of Labor Statistics
2005 National Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates
20000
Civil
Computer, Electronics, Electrical
Mechanical
Field

35. Median Annual Salaries for Savannah, Georgia
90000
Engineer
Engineering Technician
25th-75th Percentile
80000
70000
60000
50000
Median Annual Salary
40000
30000
20000
Source
Bureau of Labor Statistics
2005 National Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates
10000
Civil
Electrical, Electronics
Mechanical
Field

36. Georgia Illinois Workers by Standard Occupational Classification
100%
Engineers
Engineering Technicians
80%
60%
Standard Occupational Classification
40%
20%
Source
Bureau of Labor Statistics
2005 National Occupational Employment & Wage Estimates 0%
Civil
Electrical,
Mechanical
Civil
Electrical,
Mechanical
Computer
Computer
Georgia
Illinois
State and Field

37. Fields of Study

38. Part III – Fields of Study
Aerospace Eng.
Agricultural Eng.
Architectural Eng.
Bioengineering Biomedical Eng.
Ceramic Eng.
Chemical Eng.
Civil Eng.
Computer/Software Eng.
Electrical Eng.
Environmental Eng.
Fire Protection Eng.
Industrial Eng.
Manufacturing Eng.
Mechanical Eng.
Metallurgy and Materials Eng.
Mineral & Mining Eng.
Nuclear Eng.
Ocean Eng.
Transportation Eng.
As I said earlier, Engineers apply science to make products.
Well, there are products in every aspect of life. You can add the word “engineer” to almost anything.

39. Fields of Study – Employment
A lot of fields, but 3 big players
Although there are about 20 Engineering related Occupational Codes, in terms of college majors, there are three big players.
In pink (I love using pink on engineers), we have Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering. Different occupational codes, technically two different degrees, but they’re handled by the same department at most universities.
In blue, we have Electrical Engineers, Electronics Engineers and Computer Hardware Engineers. In this case, three occupational codes, two degrees, one department, which is called electrical and computer engineering.
Now in tan and orange we have Mechanical Engineers and Industrial Engineers.
In this case, these are two separate departments at the university. But they’re so closely related, there is a lot of cross over.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

40. Civil Engineers Build Our Communities Civil Engineers Environmental
Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers
Computer Hardware
Mechanical Engineers
Industrial Engineers

41. Environmental Engineers
Fix Problems Our Communities Cause (Pollution)
Civil Engineers
Environmental
Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers
Computer Hardware
Mechanical Engineers
Industrial Engineers

42. Electrical Engineers Tiny things – light, electrons
Civil Engineers
Environmental
Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers
Computer Hardware
Mechanical Engineers
Industrial Engineers

43. Computer Engineers Work with and Improve Computers U Mass
Civil Engineers
Environmental
Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers
Computer Hardware
Mechanical Engineers
Industrial Engineers
U Mass

44. Mechanical Engineers Work with anything that moves, that isn’t alive
Civil Engineers
Environmental
Engineers
Electrical Engineers
Electronics Engineers
Computer Hardware
Mechanical Engineers
Industrial Engineers

45. Careers in Engineering
Disciplines:
Aerospace: the flight of all kinds of vehicles operating under different speeds and altitudes.
Agricultural: all systems and sciences for the production and processing of agricultural products.
Architectural: structural integrity, safety and aesthetic integrity of structures.
Chemical: the development of processes, and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo chemical changes during their manufacture.

46. Careers in Engineering
Disciplines:
Civil: All principalities of communication, transportation, construction, and manufacturing.
Electrical: applications of electricity ranging from electric light, power systems to electronic appliances including computer engineers.
Industrial: the production of manufacturing systems.
Mechanical: machines, production of power, and manufacturing methods.

47. Careers in Engineering
Disciplines:
Nuclear: Use and management of nuclear technology.
Petroleum: the extraction of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products from the earth.

48. Careers in Engineering
Assignment:
Prepare a PowerPoint Presentation
2 people per team maximum
5 slide minimum
5 related pictures or illustrations
Slide one: Title of your discipline, your names, date and school.
Slide two: Description of the engineering discipline.
Slide three: Educational Preparation including number of years, one Georgia schools offering the degree program, one non-Georgia schools offering the degree program.
Slide four: from Hotjobs.com or Monster.com list three examples of current job openings for this area (DO NOT LIST HEAD HUNTERS AS POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS).
Slide five: Average Georgia Income, Average US Income.

49. Careers in Engineering
Assignment 2-Homework –Have Parent Signature showing they reviewed
What are your post secondary plans?
List three jobs, tech schools, or colleges that will help you prepare for your future.
Obtain an application for one of these and complete it.