1. New York
His past and present

2. Работу выполнили Gulevskiy Iliya, 8a class Gorn Anna, 8a class
Shigaeva Kate, 8a class
and teacher of the first categories Shilochkina Natalia Ivanovna
2007 year

3. Plan 1. The Big Apple 2. In the beginning
3. Visiting the city 4. Some places to go
5. Looking up! Entertainment
7. We love a parade

4. The Big Apple
People often call New York ‘The Big Apple’. Why? In the 1920s and 1930s, jazz musicians all wanted to work in New York.
‘There are a lot of apples on the tree’, they said, ‘but when you take New York City, you take The Big Apple!’
Yes, everybody wanted some of The Big Apple – and they want some today, too!
More than twenty million people visit New York every year. Lots of them say it is the most exciting city in the world.
When visitors think about New York, they usually think about Manhattan – an island 21.5 kilometers and 3.7 kilometers wide.

5. But New York City has five ‘boroughs’: Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, Queens and Staten Island. The city has 10,000 kilometers of streets, and seven million or more people live here. But New York was not always a big city…

6. In the beginning
Four hundreds years ago, Manhattan Island was the home of the Algonquin Indians. In 1609, a man called Henry Hudson came up the river to Manhattan. He was British but he was on a Dutch ship, The Half Moon. Today, the river is called the Hudson river. In 1626, a Dutchman called Peter Minuit came to Manhattan, and he paid the Indians about twenty-four dollars for the island. Minuit put up some houses, and called the little town New Amsterdam.

7. By 1647, about 500 people lived in New Amsterdam, and the Governor was a Dutchman called Peter Stuyvesant. But in 1664, the British took the town from the Dutch and changed its name to New York. Then came the War of Independence ( ) – a war between the British and some of the people of North America. When it finished in 1783, the British left and George Washington was made the first President of the United States of America. In 1790, about 33,000 people lived in New York, but them millions more men and women began to come to America from all over the world. They all wanted to be part of the new country, and many of them came to live in New York.

8. At first they came from Germany and Ireland, then later on from Italy, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Russia, Africa, and China. The new people of New York worked hard, and many of them helped to build the first skyscrapers and bridges. These ‘New Americans’ often lived in the same streets with other people from their own country – Irish with Irish, Italians with Italians, Chinese with Chinese. Today, New York has parts called Chinatown and Little Italy. Ellis Island was the first stop for the ‘New Americans’ when they came to New York. All the slips bringing people from Europe to America stopped here.

9. The Brooklyn Bridge opened on 24 May, 1883, and thousands of New Yorkers came to see it. The big crowd pushed some people off the bridge into the water; more men and women died under the feet of the crowd.

10. Visiting the city
There are a lot of things to see in New York, and it is easy for the visitor to get the different parts of the city. In Manhattan, the avenues go north and south, and most streets go east and west. They have numbers or names. After 14th Street, it is difficult to get lost because the streets and avenues go in straight lines. The East Side is to the east of Fifth Avenue. The west Side is to the west of it.

11. When you take the subway – New York’s underground railway – first ask, ‘Where am I going?’ Are you going uptown, or downtown? You can buy a subway token for your journey before you get on the train. The subway is noisy and dirty, but it’s cheap and quick. Millions of people use the subway trains to get to and from work every day.

12. When you want to go by bus, you can buy a subway token or you can put the right money in the box beside the driver. There are buses on most avenues and on the bigger streets. They run for twenty-four hours each day, but sometimes you can wait a long time between midnight and 6 a.m. New York taxis are yellow and there are 11,000 or more of them. You can stop one in the street, or you can usually find one near the big hotels.

13. You can also take a ferry journey
You can also take a ferry journey. The Staten Island ferry leaves from Battery Park every twenty to thirty minutes, twenty-four hours a day. The Statue of Liberty ferry also leaves from Battery park, and stops at Ellis Island.

14. Some places to go
Manhattan Chinatown… south of Canal Street and west of Chatham Square. It has many interesting shops and good restaurants.

15. Little Italy… north of Canal Street and west of the Bowery
Little Italy… north of Canal Street and west of the Bowery. For the best Italian restaurants.

16. Greenwich Village… west of Broadway between 14th Street and Houston Street. Many famous writers and artists lived in the old houses on the little streets of Greenwich. There are interesting shops, cafes, art galleries and ‘off- Broadway’ theatres.

17. Central Park… between Fifth Avenue and Central Park West, and from 59th to 110th Streets. A quiet place to get away from the noise and the crowds of the city. Take a carriage from outside the Plaza Hotel and across the park. Stop at the Tavern an the Green restaurant. Visit the Delacorte Theatre or the Central Park Zoo. New Yorkers love to walk and play in Central Park.

18. Brooklyn Coney Islands… this part of South Brooklyn was once called Konijn Eiland (‘Rabbit Island’) by the Dutch, because there were lots of rabbits there. There are more than five kilometers of beaches. There is also the New York Aquarium. And why not take an exciting ride on Cyclone, the famous roller-coaster, at Coney Island’s Astroland?

26. Looking up!
If you want to look at the buildings in New York – look up! The city is full of skyscrapers. Many of them are not very beautiful, but some are wonderful, and very modern. Some skyscrapers are interesting because you can see for many kilometers from the top. Some are interesting because of the work people do inside. Some are world-famous. The Statue of Liberty… Liberty Island, New York Harbour. Take a ferry from Battery Park. The French people gave this statue to the American people in 1886.

27. You can walk up 354 stairs to get to the top of the statue
You can walk up 354 stairs to get to the top of the statue. There is a museum on Liberty Island, at the foot of the statue.

28. The Empire State Building… at Fifth Avenue and 34th Street
The Empire State Building… at Fifth Avenue and 34th Street. Between 1931 and 1970, it was the highest building in the world. It has 102 floors, is 448 metres high, and you can see 120 kilometers from the top. A plane hit the 79th floor in 1945.

29. The World Trade Center … on Church Street and Liberty Street
The World Trade Center … on Church Street and Liberty Street. The highest building in New York. Two skyscraper with more than one hundred floors. There are shops and restaurants inside. The ‘Window on the World’ restaurant is in 1 World Trade Center and is on the 107th floor.

30. The United National Building… on the East River at First Avenue and 45th Street. You can see the flags of every country in the United National along the front of the building.

43. Entertainment
And what can you do after dinner in the evening? Go to the theatre, or ballet, or perhaps listen to some music. You can do something different every night of the week. Most of the theatres are in the streets near Times Square and on Broadway. There are thirty or more theatres on Broadway and tickets are expensive, but sometimes you can get cheaper tickets on the day. There are ‘off-broadway’ theatres in Greenwich Village and in some parts of New York. There are cheaper, and it is easier to get a ticket. The Lincoln Center is on Broadway and 64th Street. Here you can see the ballet or listen to music.

44. You can also listen to music at Carnegie Hall, on 57th Street and Seventh Avenue. There are cinemas all over the city. New York is a wonderful city for jazz. You can hear the best jazz at the Blue Note at 131 West Third Street, or at Bird land at 2745 Broadway. Sometimes you can hear a rock concert at Madison Square Garden, at Eight Avenue and 33rd Street.

45. Sport Americans love to watch an exciting game of baseball, and New York has two famous baseball team – the Mets and the Yankees. If you want to see a baseball game, go to Shea Stadium, the home of the New York Mets. The gave of baseball is played between two teams of nine players. If you like tennis, you can go to the United States Open Tennis Championships at the National Tennis Center, Flushing Meadow, Queens.

46. In November of every year, 25,000 or more people run through all five boroughs of New York in the New York Marathon. They finish – after running kilometers – in Central Park. A million or more people watch them.
Museum
New York’s museums have the work of some of the world’s best and most famous artists. The Metropolitan Museum of Art in the biggest museum in New York, and is on Fifth Avenue.
Children will love the Brooklyn
Children’s Museum at 145 Brooklyn
Avenue, but it’s for everyone in the
family. For sometimes different,
visit the New York City Police
Museum at 235 East 20th Street.

47. We love a parade!
New Yorkers love parades and there is one in some part of the city most mouths of the year. But two of the biggest are: St Patrick’s Day parade, on 17 March. The longest, oldest, and most famous of all the New York parades. It goes along Fifth Avenue from 44th Street to 86th Street. Macy’s Thanksgiving Day parade, on the last Thursday in November. It goes along Broadway from 77th Street to 34th Street.

48. America’s Independence Day is on 4 July
America’s Independence Day is on 4 July. There are many street parties and fireworks in the five boroughs of the New York. Later on New Year’s Eve (31 December), many people go to Times Square. At midnight, everyone sings and dances and says ‘Happy New Year!’ to their friends or the people near them.

49. Is up to you,
New York,
New York…